Bones
These are segments of bone or some other hard substance that are arranged into a backbone:
vertebra
What is an endoskeleton?
An internal skeleton
Name and describe the three types of blood vessels found in the human circulatory system.
arteries carry blood away from the heart, veins carry blood towards the heart, and capillaries are small blood vessels to get a blood supply to nearly every cell
Pick out two classes that we discussed and describe them.
Agnatha, Chondrichthyes, Osteichthyes, Amphibia.
A _____________________ is a rod of tough, flexible material that is used instead of a backbone or exoskeleton in certain creatures (mostly amphioxus, or lancets) for support and rigidity.
Notochord
True or false: Calcium salts such as calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate make up the mineral component of bones in humans.
True
What is hemoglobin?
an iron-containing protein which carries oxygen and CO2.
There are three subphyla in phylum Chordata, one of which you and I are in. Name one of the other subphylas and give the name of an organism that belongs in that subphyla.
Urochordata (sea squirts) or Cephalochordata (lancets or amphioxis)
What are the three types of bone cells and what do they do?
Osteoblasts promote bone growth, osteocytes maintain bones, and osteoclasts tear down bone structure to maintain blood pH when necessary
Name two parts of the vertebrate brain and define them.
medulla oblongata, spinal chord, cerebrum, cerebellum
What is the name of the subphyla that you and I belong in in phylum Chordata?
vertebrata
True or false? Compact bone tissue and spongy bone tissue. Both are made of a protein called collagen mixed with the calcium salts that make the tissue harder.
True
There are two major types of reproduction among vertebrates. What are they?
internal fertilization and external fertilization
All creatures in phylum Chordata have nerve chords. What body position do we keep our nerve chords in? And how does that compare with the position (or location…) of the nerve chords we looked at in the arthropods?
Dorsal, as opposed to ventral for the arthropods
Red blood cells are manufactured in what part of the bones?
RED bone marrow
Define viviparous
gives birth to live young