Enzymes
These biomolecules speed up biochemical reactions.
What are enzymes?
This monomer builds proteins.
What is an amino acid?
The first step — making an educated guess.
What is formulating a hypothesis?
The process where organisms better suited to their environment survive.
What is natural selection?
What is the monomer of carbohydrates?
Monosaccharide
The part of an enzyme that binds its substrate.
What is the active site?
A polysaccharide used to store energy in plants.
What is starch?
The factor that stays constant across all experimental groups.
What is the control?
This evolutionary mechanism introduces new genetic variation.
What is mutation?
What is the main function of carbohydrates?
Provide energy
Enzymes are sensitive to this pair of environmental factors.
What are pH and temperature?
The lipid structure that makes up cell membranes.
What is the phospholipid bilayer?
This type of variable changes in response to the independent variable.
What is the dependent variable?
Different species evolving similar traits independently is called this.
What is convergent evolution?
Name one disaccharide and its monomers.
Sucrose: glucose + fructose
When an enzyme loses its structure and stops working.
What is denaturation?
DNA and RNA are types of this biomolecule.
What are nucleic acids?
Reviewing procedures and results with others or through repeat testing.
What is peer review or replication?
Evidence for evolution found in fossil layers and transitional species.
What is the fossil record?
What process forms polysaccharides?
Dehydration synthesis
This effect describes how enzymes lower the energy needed to start a reaction.
What is the activation energy reduction?
A lipid that acts as a hormone (e.g., estrogen).
What is a steroid?
A well-tested explanation that unifies many observations.
What is a scientific theory?
This science used DNA differences to reconstruct species’ evolutionary relationships.
What is phylogenetics?
What polysaccharide is used for energy storage in animals?
Glycogen