Scientific Investigations & Data Collection
Variables
Chemistry of Life
Biological Macromolecules
100
An observation is objective and based on witnessing something with your sense. An inference is...
an assumption or guess as to why what you observed has happened.
100
If a runner drinks Gatorade then they will run faster.
Identify the IV and DV.
IV: the type of drink
DV: The speed of the runner
100
What is the smallest part of an element that still has the properties of that element?
An atom
100
List which macromolecule is not obtained from our food and where we do get it from.
Nucleic acids are NOT obtained from our food but are instead inherited from our biological parents
200
Which of the measurements below is the most precise?
A. Graduated cylinder - 80.6 mL
B. Beaker – 48 mL
C. Erlenmeyer flask – 325 mL
D. Beaker – 400 mL
A. Graduated cylinder (This is the most precise glassware of the choices)
200
In a hypothesis the __________________ variable is what is being tested, while the _________________ variable is the one being measured in response.
In a hypothesis the Independent variable is what is being tested, while the Dependent variable is the one being measured in response.
200
Life can exist under frozen surfaces in polar seas because…
Life can exist under frozen surfaces in polar seas because… water is less dense as a solid
200
List the monomers for each of the macromolecules.
Carbs: monosaccharides
Proteins: Amino acids
Lipids: Fatty acids
Nucleic acids: nucleotides
300
Differentiate between qualitative data and quantitative data.
Qualitative: Describes quality of something (tall, short, warm, cold, shiny, dull, etc)
Quantitative: Measures with numbers (12in long, 8ft tall, 460m wide, etc.)
300
If teenagers start school later then they will get better grades.
Identify the IV and DV.
IV: Time school starts
DV: Students' grades
300
What are the elements needed for life to exist?
C,H,O,N,P,S
(Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorous, and Sulfur)
300
Provide an example of each type of macromolecule.
Carbs: Sugars (like glucose) and starches
Lipids: Fats, oils, phospholipids, steroids
Proteins: Hemoglobin, insulin, collagen (lots of options for this one!)
Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA
400
Look at the image and provide 2 qualitative observations and 2 quantitative observations.
Qualitative: The flowers are pink and purple, the clouds are fluffy, flowers are planted in rows, etc.
Quantitative: There is one windmill, the windmill has 4 blades, the flowers come in 3 colors, etc.
400
Write a hypothesis for an experiment that is testing the effect of using pesticides on the amount of fruit a crop yields.
If pesticides are used on crops then the fruit produced by the crop will be lower.
(There are several possible answers, your should be close to the one above!)
400
Differentiate between polar and nonpolar molecules
Polar = unequal distribution of charges; polar molecules typically dissolve in water because water is also polar
Nonpolar = no separation of charge
400
Explain what makes proteins the most diverse macromolecule.
They are the most diverse in function because they are the most diverse in shape 🡪 form dictates function.
There are 4 levels to their structures giving them great variety.
500
List the general steps in designing and conducting an experiment.
1. Ask a question
2. Conduct Background Research
3. Construct a Hypothesis
4. Test Your Hypothesis Through Experimentation
5. Analyze Data
6. Draw Conclusions
500
Connor and Miguel want to investigate if the type of fertilizer changes the color of their hydrangea flowers. They select 10 hydrangea bushes and plant them in the same yard with the same type of soil. Every bush gets 3 cups of fertilizer, but each receives a different brand. One bush gets no fertilizer. All bushes receive morning sunlight and no afternoon sunlight. All bushes are watered the same amount every other morning. After four weeks, the boys observe the color of the blooms on each bush.
Identify the IV, DV, and constants for this scenario.
IV: Type of fertilizer
DV: Color of the flowers
Constants: Type of flower, amount of water, amount of sunshine, location of plant, amount of fertilizer, etc.
500
How are the following terms related? Give an example.
Solvent, Solute, & Solution
Solvent: Dissolves a substance (water)
Solute: What is being dissolved (lemonade powder)
Solution: Result (lemonade)
500
List and explain the main function of each macromolecule.
Carbs: Energy storage molecule (short term)
Lipids: Energy storage molecule (long term)
Proteins: Run your body and pretty much do everything else
Nucleic Acids: Informational molecule; the instructions for making proteins