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Cell Structure & Function
Mechanisms of Genetics
Evolution & Classification
Biological Processes & Systems
Environmental Systems
100
Which group of organelles is responsible for the production of new molecules within a cell?
What are Ribosomes, Endoplasmic Reticulum, and Golgi Apparatus
100
The sequence of nitrogenous bases in DNA varies widely. What is the importance of DNA base sequencing?
What is providing the instructions for traits of the organism?
100
The opossum, which is native to North America, and the kangaroo, which is native to Australia, are marsupials. The fact that both these mammals incubate their immature offspring in a pouch provides evidence that —
What is they are descended from a common ancestor?
100
What two human systems work together to provide body cells with a constant supply of oxygen while removing carbon dioxide waste products?
What is Respiratory and circulatory?
100
In any environment or ecosystem, organisms can have several different types of relationships. Three types of relationships are described below. X - Barnacles (small crustaceans) adhere to the skin of a whale in order to be deposited in a new location that is abundant in resources. The whale does not appear to be affected. Y - Fleas attach to the skin of warm-blooded animals, feed on their blood, and make the animals itch. Z - Fungal mycorrhizae live on plant roots and increase the plant’s ability to absorb nutrients. The mycorrhizae are provided with carbohydrates from the plant. Which of these correctly describes the relationships between the organisms?
X: commensalism Y: parasitism Z: mutualism
200
A person with HIV may not have any symptoms for a period of time. During this time, how does the virus affect the body?
What is damage to the immune cells?
200
Normal hemoglobin = T-G-A-G-G-T-C-T-C-C-T-C Sickle-cell hemoglobin = T-G-A-G-G-T-C-A-C-C-T-C
What is a substitution mutation?
200
Using a light microscope, a student identified the following characteristics of four organisms found in a sample of pond water Organism 1 Single-celled, nucleus, large vacuole Organism 2 Single-celled, no nucleus, cell wall Organism 3 Single-celled, no nucleus Organism 4 Single-celled, nucleus Based on the observations of the student, which organisms most likely belong to the taxonomic group for bacteria?
What is Organisms 2 and 3?
200
Toxoplasmosis is an infection producing brain lesions caused by the parasitic protozoan Toxoplasma gondii. Mice with their gonads removed are more resistant to T. gondii and develop very few lesions on their brain tissue. The graph shows the results of a scientific study of normal adult mice infected with T. gondii. Which systems most likely interact and cause the severity of infections to vary?
What are immune and endocrine?
200
The acacia ant (Pseudomyrmex ferruginea) lives in the bullshorn acacia plant. The acacia ant nests and feeds in the plant’s hollow thorns. The ant helps protect the bullshorn acacia by attacking insects and grazing animals that come near the plant. The relationship between the acacia ant and the bullshorn acacia is an example of which of the following?
What is Mutualism?
300
Telophase is the cellular process that begins after the chromosomes have moved to opposite poles of the cell. During which cellular phase does Telophase occur?
What is mitosis?
300
In cocker spaniels the allele for a black coat color (B) is dominant over the allele for a brown coat color (b). If a brown cocker spaniel is crossed with a heterozygous black cocker spaniel, which of the following genotypic ratios can be expected?
What is 0 BB: 2 Bb: 2 bb?
300
The concept of gene flow is demonstrated when a cow is driven off from its herd, joins another herd, and reproduces. When the cow contributes to the gene pool of the new herd, which of these most likely increases?
What is genetic variation?
300
When a person is suddenly cut by a sharp object, a nervous impulse is sent along a sensory neuron to the spinal cord. The impulse is immediately transmitted through motor neurons to produce a response. Which of the following correctly identifies and describes this response?
What is a reflex response that causes various muscles to contract in order to move away from the object?
300
Hydrothermal vents form deep in the ocean when iron-rich magma is released from openings on the seafloor. These vents spew extremely hot water (400°C) mixed with methane and sulfur. Bacteria that thrive in this hostile environment form the base of a food chain that leads to colonization by tube worms, mussels, and many other life-forms. When a hydrothermal vent becomes inactive and cold, the bacterial community that lives in the hot fluid methane and sulfur dies out. Which organisms most likely succeed the original community in this ecosystem?
What are cold-tolerant bacteria that feed on sulfur and iron in the vents?
400
Carbohydrates are more easily metabolized than lipids. However on a gram-for-gram basis, lipids provide cells with more what?
What is energy?
400
Early-onset Alzheimer’s disease affects people under the age of 65. Less than five percent of people who are diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease have this type. Many cases of early-onset Alzheimer’s disease are inherited, a type known as familial Alzheimer’s disease (FAD). Which statement is best supported by this information?
What is FAD is the result of a genetic change in one or more chromosomes.
400
Some organisms have genes that improve their ability to survive and reproduce. If the genes also help their offspring survive and reproduce, then which of the following will most likely increase?
What is the frequency of the genes in the population?
400
Plant hormones serve as chemical messengers between cells and tissues. Auxin is a plant hormone that causes the cells on the shady side of a plant shoot to elongate. The response enabled by auxin is known as —
What is phototropism?
400
The overgrowth of algae poses a major problem for coral reefs. Intensive fishing is one factor that contributes to algae overgrowth because it does which of the following?
What is it reduces the number of organisms that feed on algae?
500
Which biomolecule typically contains both nitrogen and phosphorous?
What are nucleic acids?
500
In the 1860s Gregor Mendel performed numerous dihybrid crosses between pea plants. Dihybrid crosses involve the study of the inheritance patterns related to two different traits. In guinea pigs the allele for black fur (B) is dominant over the allele for brown fur (b), and the allele for short fur (F) is dominant over the allele for long fur (f). What percentage of the offspring from a BbFf x bbff cross would be expected to be heterozygous for both traits?
What is 25%?
500
The Linnaean taxonomic system classifies organisms into divisions called taxa. If two organisms belong to the same taxonomic group, they are related. Similarity at which of these levels indicates the closest relationship?
What is genus?
500
The outermost layer of plant stems in dicotyledons consists of epidermal cells and guard cells that surround openings called stomata. The epidermal cells are usually covered with a waterproof layer that provides protection from injury and water loss. The stomata allow gas exchange. The epidermal cells and stomata have functions similar to those of which two human body systems?
What are integumentary and respiratory?
500
Dead zones are low-oxygen areas that develop on the seafloor. Scientists hypothesize that phytoplankton blooms cause these dead zones. Phytoplankton blooms occur when excess nutrients are introduced by pollution from fertilizers, sewage plants, and the burning of fossil fuels. Which of the following would most likely cause an increase in these contributors to dead zones?
What is rainfall patterns that increase freshwater runoff from terrestrial ecosystems?