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Transcription
Translation
Replication
Applications
100

What is the role of RNA polymerase in transcription?

  • A) Unwinding DNA
  • B) Synthesizing RNA
  • C) Repairing DNA
  • D) Transporting amino acids

B) Synthesizing RNA

100

What is the purpose of the ribosome during translation?

  • A) To synthesize DNA
  • B) To provide a site for protein synthesis
  • C) To splice RNA
  • D) To transport mRNA

B) To provide a site for protein synthesis

100

What is the function of DNA polymerase during replication?

  • A) Synthesizing RNA
  • B) Synthesizing new DNA strands
  • C) Unwinding DNA
  • D) Repairing RNA

B) Synthesizing new DNA strands

100

How does understanding transcription and translation help in genetic engineering?

  • A) It allows for the design of more effective drugs.
  • B) It helps in gene cloning and protein production.
  • C) It has no relevance to genetic engineering.
  • D) Both A and B.

D) Both A and B.

200

Describe the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription.

  • A) Prokaryotic transcription occurs in the nucleus; eukaryotic does not.
  • B) Prokaryotic uses multiple RNA polymerases; eukaryotic uses one.
  • C) Eukaryotic transcription includes post-transcriptional modification; prokaryotic does not.
  • D) Both A and C.

D) Both A and C.

200

Define the role of tRNA in protein synthesis.

  • A) It is involved in splicing.
  • B) It synthesizes RNA.
  • C) It unwinds DNA.
  • D) It carries amino acids to the ribosome

D) It carries amino acids to the ribosome.

200

Describe the difference between leading and lagging strands in DNA replication.

  • A) Leading strand is synthesized continuously; lagging strand is synthesized in fragments.
  • B) Lagging strand is synthesized continuously; leading strand is synthesized in fragments.
  • C) Both are synthesized continuously.
  • D) Both are synthesized in fragments.

A) Leading strand is synthesized continuously; lagging strand is synthesized in fragments.

200

What is the significance of CRISPR technology in gene editing?

  • A) It allows for the precise modification of DNA sequences.
  • B) It is used for RNA interference.
  • C) It is a method for DNA replication.
  • D) It has no significance.

A) It allows for the precise modification of DNA sequences.

300

What are the three main stages of transcription?

  • A) Initiation, elongation, termination
  • B) Unwinding, binding, releasing
  • C) Replication, transcription, translation
  • D) Coding, processing, exporting

A) Initiation, elongation, termination

300

What are the steps of translation?

  • A) Initiation, elongation, termination
  • B) Transcription, translation, replication
  • C) Activation, assembly, release
  • D) Binding, catalysis, release

A) Initiation, elongation, termination

300

What are Okazaki fragments and where do they occur?

  • A) Short DNA sequences on the leading strand
  • B) Short DNA sequences on the lagging strand
  • C) They are found in mRNA.
  • D) They are not relevant to DNA replication.

B) Short DNA sequences on the lagging strand

300

How can knowledge of DNA replication be applied in forensic science?

  • A) It helps in the identification of genetic disorders.
  • B) It allows for DNA profiling and matching.
  • C) It is used in the study of mRNA.
  • D) None of the above.

B) It allows for DNA profiling and matching.

400

Explain the process of post-transcriptional modification in eukaryotic cells.

  • A) Addition of a 5' cap and poly-A tail
  • B) Splicing out introns
  • C) Both A and B
  • D) None of the above

C) Both A and B

400

Explain the significance of the start codon and stop codons in translation.

  • A) They are involved in mRNA splicing.
  • B) They mark the beginning and end of translation
  • C) They determine the sequence of nucleotides.
  • D) They are not significant.

B) They mark the beginning and end of translation.

400

Explain how replication is semi-conservative.

  • A) Each new DNA molecule contains one original and one new strand.
  • B) It conserves both strands of the original DNA.
  • C) It only conserves the leading strand.
  • D) None of the above.

A) Each new DNA molecule contains one original and one new strand.

400

Discuss the role of RNA interference in gene expression regulation.

  • A) It enhances gene expression.
  • B) It silences gene expression.
  • C) It is a form of DNA replication.
  • D) It has no role in gene expression.

B) It silences gene expression.

500

How does the presence of transcription factors influence gene expression?

  • A) They prevent RNA polymerase from binding.
  • B) They enhance or inhibit the binding of RNA polymerase.
  • C) They help in the replication of DNA.
  • D) They are involved in the translation process.

B) They enhance or inhibit the binding of RNA polymerase.

500

How do mutations in mRNA affect protein synthesis?

  • A) They can change the amino acid sequence.
  • B) They have no effect on protein synthesis.
  • C) They always lead to non-functional proteins.
  • D) They only affect transcription.

 A) They can change the amino acid sequence.

500

What mechanisms are in place to ensure accuracy during DNA replication?

  • A) Proofreading by DNA polymerase
  • B) Mismatch repair systems
  • C) Both A and B
  • D) None of the above

C) Both A and B

500

How can mutations in DNA lead to diseases, and what role does transcription play in this process?

  • A) Mutations can alter protein function, affecting cellular processes.
  • B) Transcription is irrelevant to the mutation process.
  • C) Mutations only affect DNA replication.
  • D) None of the above.

A) Mutations can alter protein function, affecting cellular processes.