Animal Overview
What is the process of taking in oxygen and losing carbon dioxide?
Respiration
What do sponges have the beat vigorously to create a current through the sponge?
(is a replacement for a respiratory system)
Collar cells
What's another term for the "mouth" of a mollusk?
Radula
What are usually soft, radially symmetric animals with only two germ layers?
Cnidarians
In mollusks, what is the sheath of tissue that wraps around their organs?
Mantle
What body system transports nutrients from food through vessels?
Closed circulatory system
What type of worms have segmented bodies?
Annelids
What type of echinoderm has sharp spines?
Sea urchin
After an egg has been fertilized, what is a hollow ball of cells formed from a fertilized egg?
Blastula
Which category of animals has a high brain-to-body mass ratio?
Mollusks
What is intracellular digestion?
When digestion happens inside cells rather than inside a digestive system
What type of skeletons do cnidarians have?
Hydroskeleton
An octopus and a cuttlefish fall into what phylum?
Cephalopods
Which limbless animals usually exhibit cephalization?
Worms
How many open ends do sponges have?
One
What is animal behavior?
The way that an organism responds to certain environmental conditions
What's the difference between a polyp and medusa of a cnidarian?
Polyp - a cup-shaped or tubular form with a mouth and tentacles at one and sticky basal disk for attaching to hard surfaces on the other end
Medusa - an umbrella-shaped cnidarian that can swim freely
What's the difference between brittle stars and sea stars?
Sea stars - usually have five arm
Brittle stars - have long, thin arms that can be easily discarded then regenerated
What is a hermaphrodite?
Animals that have both male and female reproductive organs
Name an animal that cannot move at any point in its life cycle.
There is none. All animals are sessile at some point.
List the three germ layers that most animals have, and explain what they do.
Endoderm - the inner layer that forms the digestive tract
Mesoderm - the middle layer that forms the muscles and circulatory system
Ectoderm - forms the outer layer, forming things like skin, scales, etc.
What are four ways in which cnidarians function in their environment?
Marine food chain
Decomposers
Parasitic
May form coral reefs
List six characteristics of sponges.
Stiff
Mobile as young, immobile as adults
Are basically tubes with one open end
Have collar cells to produce a water current inside the sponge
Pores all over the sponge to let substances in
Do intracellular digestion
Define oviparous, viviparous, and ovoviparous species.
Oviparous - the embryo develops outside its mother's body but within the protective shelter of an egg
Viviparous species - the embryo draws it nutrients directly from its mother's body
Ovoviparous species - the embryo develops inside its mother's body without being directly connected to her
What is the difference between endotherms and ectotherms?
Endotherms derive much of their body heat from their metabolism; have insulating tissue
Ectotherms - have body temps much closer to that of their environment