Photosynthesis pt. 1
What substance shuttles electrons in the electron transport chain?
NADP+
What type of plants open their stomata only at night so they can gather carbon dioxide without losing water?
CAM plants
Which process involves pyruvate from glycolysis changing into alcohol and carbon dioxide using NADH?
Alcoholic fermentation
What is a stack of thylakoids?
Granum
What are membrane-bound compartments that contain chlorophyll?
Thylakoids
What is the equation for photosynthesis?
Water + carbon dioxide+ light energy = glucose + oxygen
What is the molecule which is a product of the Calvin cycle (1/6 of which will be used to make glucose)
G3P
What substance is required for aerobic respiration to work?
Oxygen
What are the tiny openings in the plant through which carbon dioxide can enter?
Stomata
What is the function of RuBisCo?
To link CO2 to RuBP
What processes do not require oxygen to work?
Anaerobic processes
How does water get into the plant?
Through the roots
Daily Double!!!!
What is stroma?
The clear fluid in the chloroplasts through which sunlight passes through
What is the difference between C3 plants and C4 plants?
C3 Plants use the Calvin cycle to produce G3P and they need plenty of water.
C4 Plants produce different carbon precursors to glucose than C3 plants, which requires more energy but less CO2.
For the electron transport chain, give the (1) description, (2) beginning substance, and (3) ending substance.
1. NADH releases electrons and H+ (which is pumped into the mitochondrion membrane). This catalyzes ATP formation using ATP synthase. The electrons that are released from these step from water molecules.
2. NADH
3. ATP and water
What is the difference between the light-dependent and light-independent phase of photosynthesis?
light-dependent phase: the process of photosynthesis in which energy is captured from sunlight
light-independent phase: changing the captured energy form the sun into a form that plants can use
List the three stages of the light-dependent stage of photosynthesis.
Chlorophyll reacts with light to split water molecules into high-energy electrons and hydrogen ions (H+).
Hydrogen ions are released into the stroma
Hydrogen ions and electrons entering the stroma bond with NADP+ to form NADPH
List the five steps of the Calvin cycle.
CO2 from the air enters the stomata
CO2 is hooked onto RuBP, making a highly unstable intermediate.
The unstable intermediate quickly splits into 3PG, which then becomes P3G
One of the six G3P molecules made is used to make glucose
The other five G3P molecules are used to regenerate RuBP
For glycolysis, give the (1) description, (2) beginning substance, and (3) ending substance.
1. Releases the energy of glucose and forms ATP
2. Glucose
3. Pyruvate and ATP
For the citric acid cycle, give the (1) description, (2) beginning substance, and (3) ending substance.
1. Pyruvate is moved into the mitochondria in order to turn pyruvate into oxaloacetate and NADH
2. pyruvate
3. Oxaloacetate, NADH, and ATP