What is Science
What is the goal of science?
The goal of science is to learn how nature works by observing the natural and physical world, and to understand this world through research and experimentation.
What is the relationship between observations and gathering data?
Data is collected by using our senses to make observations
What are the 4 unifying principles of biology?
Evolution - drives the diversity of life
Free Energy - free energy and molecular building blocks are used for growth, reproduction, and homeostasis.
Information - systems store, transmit, retrieve, and respond to information essential to life processes.
Systems - biological systems interact and possess complex properties.
What is the smallest living and nonliving object biologist study? Why?
Non Living - molecules. Molecules provide many of the building blocks, nutrients, and energy cell/tissues/organ systems/ and organisms need.
Living - Cells. Basics building blocks of life.
Compare and contrast symbiosis and competition.
Symbiosis is a relationship between organisms where at least one of the organisms benefits. Competition occurs when two organisms attempt to obtain the same recourse at the same time and place.
Hypothesis is a possible explanation to a question; weak; untested. Theory explains why something happens; strong; tested; can change. A law explains what happens; cannot change.
Describe observations and inferences. What are each based on?
Observations are a process of gaining information that is based on a person's 5 senses. Inferences are guesses based on observations and prior knowledge. Inferences change with new observations.
Describe the Central Dogma of Biology.
The ‘central dogma of biology’ simply states that DNA is transcribed to RNA (ribonucleic acid) and RNA is translated (read) into proteins by the cell. It is scientific symbolized as: DNA→ RNA→Proteins
What is the theory of spontaneous generation (abiogenesis)? What is the theory of biogenesis?
Spontaneous generation - living things come from nonliving things
Biogenesis - living things come from living things
Direct or Indirect Observation?
A scientist measures the amount of gas a plant produces to determine its rates of photosynthesis.
Define science.
Science is a distinctive way of gaining knowledge about the natural world that starts with a question and then tries to answer the question with evidence and logic and finally ends with discovery
List the parts of the scientific method
Ask a question, research, hypothesis, experiment, analyze data, draw conclusions, and communicate results.
List the different levels of biological organization (At least 7)
Atom -> Molecule -> Cell -> Tissue -> Organ
Organ System -> Organism -> Population
Community -> Ecosystem -> Biome
What are the 3 parts of the cell theory
1) All organisms are made of cells, 2) all life functions are based in the cell, 3) cells come from existing cells
Define commensalism and give an example.
Organismal relationship that benefits one and has no impact on the other.
True or False: Scientific ideas never change.
False - Scientific ideas change as our technology and evidence improves
Describe the difference between an independent variable (IV) or dependent variable (DV)?
An independent variable is what YOU (I) can control
A dependent variable is what is being measured
Describe the difference between natural selection and evolution.
Evoution is changes in a population over a LONG period of time (thousands of years!). Natural selection is organisms surviving long enough to reproduce because they are best fit for the environment (survival of the fittest).
What invention allowed us to see cells for the first time?
Microscopes
Hypotheses should follow the "______, ________" format
If, then
Questions need evidence that is _______ or ______ in order to be answered by science
Observable, measurable
True or False: Good scientific experiments should be able to be repeated with similar results.
True - accurate scientific data should be able to show similar results when replicated
Define homeostasis and explain how humans use this to regulate body temperature
Homeostatic mechanisms regulate internal conditions such as pH levels, temp, and fluid levels through feedback mechanisms found in the certain organ systems.
Temperature
-- shivering & sweating
Which scientist discovered cells?
Robert Hooke
What is the source of all energy for biological processes? (Think starting point...)
The Sun! Photons (light energy)