People
Carried out experiments that led to the conclusion that a substance can transform bacteria.
Frederick Griffith
unwinds the helix, breaking the hydrogen bonds between bases
helicase
Carries genetic information from DNA in the nucleus to direct protein synthesis in the cytoplasm
mRNA
The three-base code in DNA or mRNA
codon
True or False.
Mutations that occur in somatic cells are passed on to the organism’s offspring and will be present in every cell of the offspring.
False
Identified the molecule that transformed the R strain of S. pneumoniae into the S strain.
Oswald Avery
adds appropriate nucleotides to the new DNA strand from the 3’ end.
DNA polymerase
Transports amino acids to the ribosome
tRNA
What is the amino acid sequence of the following:
5' CCUAGUGCA 3'
Proline, Serine, Alanine
What type of mutation is shown in the following?
5’ GGGCCCAAAAAA 3'
insertion mutation
Concluded that the bacteriophage DNA was injected into the cell and provided the genetic information needed to produce new viruses.
Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase
adds a short segment of RNA, called an RNA primer, on each DNA strand.
RNA primase
Associates with protein to form the ribosome
rRNA
How many stop codons are there and what are they?
3, UGA, UAA, UAG
What type of mutation is associated with Huntington's disease?
expanding mutation
analyzed the amount of A, G, T, and C in the DNA of various species
Erwin Chargaff
keep the DNA strands separate during replication.
single-stranded binding proteins
DNA sequences not found in mRNA
introns
What is the mRNA sequence for the template strand DNA sequence 3' TACAAACTAGAA 5'
5’ AUGUUUGAUCUU 3’
What type of mutation is associated with Crohn's disease?
insertion
X-ray diffraction techniques indicated that DNA was a double helix, or twisted ladder shape.
Famous "Photo 51"
Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins
links two sections of DNA
ligase
DNA sequences that remain in the final mRNA
exons
What is the mRNA sequence for the template strand DNA sequence? And what is the corresponding amino acid sequence?
3' GGCATACTATTC 5'
5' CCGUAUGAUAAG 3'
Proline, Tyrosine, Aspartic Acid, Lysine
What type of mutation is associated with Achondroplasia?
missense