Taxonomic Groups
Why did the original plan of naming organisms based off of characteristics not work?
Different people describe things differently
What is the definition of evolutionary classification?
How many kingdoms are there today?
6
Who came up with binomial nomenclature?
Carolus Linnaeus
What is a cladogram?
diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among a group of organisms.
What is the definition of taxonomy?
Discipline of classifying organisms and assigning each organism a universally accepted name.
What are derived characteristics?
Characteristics that appear in recent parts of lineage but not in older parts.
Why were the two original kingdoms not sufficient?
There were so many organisms that didn't fit into either category so more kingdoms had to be created.
What does the first word in binomial nomenclature indicate?
Genus
What is the definition of cladistic analysis (in other words, what characteristics does it focus on)?
identifies and considers only those characteristics of organisms that are evolutionary innovations
Free Points!
Congrats
What is an example that shows why the original classification system is flawed?
By looking at appearance, we might not catch all similarities/differences. This could indicate a false amount of relatedness.
What one of the five kingdoms were then split into two to complete to final six kingdoms we see today?
Monera
What does the second word in binomial nomenclature represent?
It is a unique name given to each species within a genus.
How can amino acid sequences be used to construct a cladogram?
Organisms with only a few amino acid differences are more closely related than organisms with a lot of differences. You can use these relationships to construct a cladogram.
What are five of the seven taxonomic groups?
Species, kingdom, class, genus, order, family, phylum.
How are genetics used to determine relatedness?
The more similar your genetics are to another organism, the more closely related you are.
What are two of the three domains?
Bacteria, Eukarya, and Archaea
What genus does Ursus describe?
Bears
What is different about the organization of these two cladograms and which one is correct?
A has it organized by characteristics (physical), B has it organized by derived characteristics. B is correct.
What is the order of taxonomic groups from most specific to least specific?
Species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom
What is a molecular clock?
It uses DNA comparisons to estimate the length of time that two species have been evolving independently.
What are four of the six kingdoms?
Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
What are the rules for binomial nomenclature
1. Italicized
2. First word capitalized
3. Second word not capitalized
Construct a cladogram relating humans, cats, and fish. Come up with one characteristic to divide each organism.
Answers may vary