Building Blocks
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Protein Structure, Contd.
Enzymes
100
The general term for the smallest unit of a macromolecule. (building block of carb, lipid, or protein)
What is a monomer?
100
An organic compound made up of sugar molecules
What is a carbohydrate?
100
A defining property of Lipids is that they are (interaction with water:)
What is hydrophobic?
100
The name for a chain of amino acids (amino acid polymer).
What is a polypeptide?
100
In a folded protein, how are the hydrophobic/hydrophilic amino acids arranged?
what are hydrophobic amino acids on the inside, hydrophilic amino acids on the outside?
100
What type of macromolecule are enzymes (carbohydrate, protein, lipid)
What is a protein?
200
A carbohydrate monomer
What is a monosaccharide?
200
Two-sugar unit
What is a disaccharide?
200
A fat with the maximum number of hydrogen atoms bonded to the carbon backbone
What is saturated?
200
Amino Acids are connected via a ________________ reaction
what is a dehydration reaction?
200
What are the two most common protein folding patterns in secondary structure.
1) Alpha helix
2) Beta sheet
200
The amount of energy needed to break enough bonds to start a reaction
What is Activation Energy?
300
A protein monomer
What is an Amino Acid?
300
Long chain of sugar molecules (Sugar polymer)
What is a polysaccharide?
300
What state are unsaturated fats in at room temperature? (solid, liquid, gas)
What is liquid at room temperature?
300
The bond between two amino acids is called.
What is a peptide bond?
300
What type of interactions are primarily responsible for holding secondary protein structures in place?
what are hydrogen bonds?
300
This catalyst speeds up reactions by lowering the amount of energy needed to break a bond.
What is an enzyme?
400
Several monomers together is a...
What is a Polymer?
400
Give one example of a carbohydrate monosaccharide, OR one example of a carbohydrate disaccharide.
Carbohydrate monomers: glucose, fructose, galactose
Carbohydrate disaccharide: Maltose (glucose + glucose) Sucrose (glucose + fructose)
400
The structural difference that distinguishes an unsaturated fat from a saturated fat.
What is a double carbon bond?
400
Amino acids are similar in structure with the exception of
what are side (or R) groups?
400
Two or more tertiary protein structures aggregated together
what is quaternary structure?
400
The area on the enzyme where the substrate binds
What is the active site?
500
for ALL of the macromolecules discussed this chapter, which type of reactions make and what type of reactions break the bonds in between monomers?
What are hydration/dehydration reactions?
500
The three elements that comprise carbohydrates
What is Carbon Hydrogen, Oxygen.
500
DRAW the general structure of a lipid (glycerol backbone and fatty acids)
500
Sort the following from most easily useable energy source to more difficult (Protein, Carbohydrates, Lipids)
Carbs, Lipids, Protein
500
What is protein denaturation, what causes it, and how does it affect the function of the protein?
- unraveling of a protein
- caused by changes of pH, increase in temperature
- protein becomes non-functional
500
Draw an enzyme, labeling the 1) enzyme 2) substrate 3) active site
