Chapter 2 part 2
Ionic bonds
what is formed between two ions: one cation and one anion, must be balanced, an anion loses an electron and a cation gains an electron?
Lipids
What is nonpolar, very insoluble in water, fats phospholipids steroids and waxes, predominantly carbon and hydrogen?
Motor Proteins
What is use ATP as a source of energy for movement, the proteins walk along cytoskeleton, three kinds of movement: motor protein carries cargo along filament; motor protein remains in place, the filament moves; motor protein and filament remain in place, filament bends?
Specific Heat
What is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1g of a substance 1 degree Celsius?
Proteins
What is composed of carbon hydrogen oxygen and nitrogen, building blocks are amino acids?
Properties of chemical reactions
What is requires a source of energy, usually requires a catalyst, tends to proceed in a particular direction but eventually reaches a state of equilibrium, usually occur in watery environments?
Fats
What is triacylglycerols or triglycerides, three fatty acids and glycogen?
Flagella and Cilia
What is Flagella: longer than cilia; present singly or in pairs; 9+2 microtubule array; cell movement, Cilia: shorter than flagella; cover all or part of the cell; 9+2 microtubule array; cell movement or movement of particles around the cell?
Steroids
What is four interconnected rings of carbon atoms, insoluble?
Metabolic Activities
What is metabolism: the sum of a cheical reaction by cells, catabolism: the breakdown of molecules into smaller components, anabolism: synthesis of cellular molecules and macromolecules?
Hydrophilic, Hydrophobic, Amphipathic
What is water loving; polar; soluble, water fearing; nonpolar; insoluble, both loves; polar and nonpolar parts, soluble and insoluble parts?
Fatty Acids
What is Saturated: linear; single bonds; solid at room temperature; animal fats, Unsaturated: one or mor double bonds; liquid at room temperature; oils; plant derived; Monounsaturated: one double bond; Polyunsaturated: multiple double bonds; Trans-fats: Hydrogenated unsaturated fats that are hydrogenated to achieve a more linear structure?
Endomembrane system
What is network of membranes enclosing the nucleus endoplasmic reticulum golgi apparatus lysosomes vacuoles and the plasma membrane?
Semiautonomous organelles
What is Mitochondria and chloroplasts: grow and divide to reproduce themselves?
Amino acids
What is 20 different configurations, common structure with variable side chains that determine structure and function?
Heat of Vaporization
What is the amount of heat required to vaporize one mol of a substance?
Phospholipids
What is two fatty acids glycerol and phosphate group, amphipathic, polar phosphate head, nonpolar amino acid tail?
Nuclear envelope
What is a double-membrane structure enclosing the nucleus, outer membrane is continuous with endoplasmic reticulum membrane, nuclear pores provide passageways?
Colligative properties
What is properties dependant on the amount of solute, boiling point, melting point?
Cytosol
What is where metabolic activities take place, includes cytoskeleton, region within a eukaryotic cell that is between the plasma membrane to the nucleus?
Heat of fusion
What is the amount of heat required to be removed to freeze one mol of a substance?
Isomers
Structure of the nucleus
what is the nucleoulus: where ribosomes are manufactured, the nucleus: chromosomes; composed of DNA and proteins=chromatin; nuclear matrix: filamentous network that organizes chromosomes?
Waxes
What is nonpolar, exclude water, resemble fatty acid chain?
Polypeptide formation
What is chains of amino acids, joined by dehydration reaction, carboxyl and amino forms peptide bond