Molecular Biology
What macromolecule are enzymes made of?
Proteins
What chamber of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the body?
Left ventricle
What molecule carries genetic information?
DNA
Who proposed the theory of natural selection?
Charles Darwin
What type of neuron carries signals to the brain?
Sensory neuron
What type of bond holds the two DNA strands together?
Hydrogen bonds
What gas is exchanged for oxygen in the alveoli of the lungs?
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
What do we call different versions of a gene?
Alleles
Who invented the light bulb?
Thomas Edison
What ion rushes into the neuron during an action potential?
Sodium (Naāŗ)
What enzyme unwinds DNA during replication?
Helicase
What organ filters waste from the blood?
Kidneys
Who is known as the āfather of geneticsā?
Gregor Mendel
Who discovered penicillin, the first antibiotic?
Alexander Fleming
What neurotransmitter is released at the neuromuscular junction to cause muscle contraction?
Acetylcholine
What RNA molecule brings amino acids to the ribosome?
tRNA
What muscle separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity and allows breathing?
Diaphragm
What shape is DNA?
Double helix
Who discovered the basic rules of how traits are passed down using pea plants?
Gregor Mendel
Which brain region controls balance and coordination?
Cerebellum
What process converts RNA into a functional protein?
Translation
What feedback mechanism maintains stable internal conditions such as temperature and pH?
Homeostasis (negative feedback loop)
What process produces gametes with half the genetic material?
Meiosis
Who first saw and named ācellsā using a microscope?
Robert Hooke
What structure insulates axons and speeds up signal transmission?
Myelin sheath