Speciation
A trait or mechanism that helps an organism survive and reproduce in its specific environment
What are adaptations?
Known as the “control center” of the cell, this organelle contains the cell’s DNA.
What is the nucleus?
This molecule is the main energy currency produced by cellular respiration.
This type of transport does not require energy and moves molecules from high to low concentration.
What is passive transport?
A random mutation that gives some individuals an advantage in a changing environment can eventually lead to this process.
What is natural selection?
When two groups can no longer produce fertile offspring together, this has occurred, indicating they are different species.
What is reproductive isolation?
These organelles provide energy for the cell through cellular respiration.
What are mitochondria?
This first stage of cellular respiration occurs in the cytoplasm and breaks glucose into two pyruvate molecules.
What is glycolysis?
The movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
What is osmosis?
the process where humans intentionally breed organisms to promote the expression of desirable traits
What is artificial selection?
when populations of the same species are physically separated by barriers (like mountains, rivers, oceans) that stop them from interbreeding, halting gene flow and leading them to evolve unique traits through natural selection, mutation, and drift, often resulting in new species
What is geographic isolation?
These small structures, found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, make proteins.
What are ribosomes?
Cellular respiration that requires oxygen is called this.
What is aerobic respiration?
Moving molecules from low to high concentration requires energy in this type of transport.
What is active transport?
A group of individuals of the same species that live in the same geographic area and can interbreed
What is a population?
the permanent end of a species, meaning no individuals are left alive to reproduce, resulting in the complete disappearance of that species from Earth or a specific region
What is extinction?
Found only in plant cells, these organelles perform photosynthesis using sunlight.
What are chloroplasts?
The stage of cellular respiration that produces the most ATP.
What is the electron transport chain?
The process of the cell taking in large particles by engulfing them with the membrane.
What is endocytosis?
Changes in beak size among Darwin’s finches due to droughts and food availability are evidence of this process.
What is natural selection?
Geographic barriers, large-scale climate change, anthropogenic shifts in habitat
What are examples of causes of speciation?
This flexible barrier controls what enters and leaves the cell.
What is the cell membrane?
These two reactants are required for aerobic cellular respiration to occur.
What are glucose and oxygen?
This process releases large molecules or waste out of the cell using vesicles.
What is exocytosis?
Both natural and artificial selection depend on these differences among individuals in a population.
What is genetic variation?