How Genes WORK
Name the start codon and at least one of the three stop codons?
Start: AUG
Stop: UGA, UAA, UAG
These are the 3 parts of a DNA nucleotide.
What are sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen base?
Name the two types of strands involved in DNA replication?
Leading and lagging
DNA is ultimately used to make these macromolecules.
What are proteins?
What's my middle name?
Three ways to describe the physical manifestation of a mutation (Think fitness), and what are they usually?
1. Beneficial (or adventageous), neutral, deleterious
2. Usually deleterious
This is a picture of a nucleotide.
Picture should include all 3 parts correctly labeled.
This is the part of the cell cycle in which replication is happening.
What is the S phase?
This is the macromolecule that DNA uses to bring information to the ribosome.
What is RNA?
WHAT proteins bind to DNA during replication to prevent the DNA from not closing back up
SSBP's
What is another job that DNA polymerase needs to do other than add nucleotides to build new DNA?
Proofread
These are the bonds that hold the sides of the ladder together and the rungs of the ladder together, in that order.
What is covalent; what is hydrogen.
This is where DNA replication begins, often at hundreds of sites at a time.
origin of replication
This is the base that replaces Thymine in RNA.
What is Uracil?
What is a topisomerase used for in DNA replication?
Relives twisting/ twisting/ coiling stress!
How do retroviruses break the central dogma
RNA->DNA->Protein
These are all the nitrogen bases involved in DNA replication and which ones bond to each other.
(extra 100 points, how many h-bonds does each pair make to each other)
What are adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine?
G-C = 3, A-T = 2
This is the enzyme that makes the new DNA strand to match the old; the name of the new-and-old style of replication.
What is DNA polymerase; what is semi-conservative replication?
This is the monomer of proteins, and the ribosome puts these together based on the RNA code.
What things need done to connect okazaki fragments in replication?
1. RNA Primer removed and replaced with DNA
2. Each fragment needs ligated together
Name the best and work type of point mutations?
1. Silent
2.Frameshift
What does telomerase do and why is it needed?
Extend DNA ends, prevent degradation of DNA
What direction is the template DNA READ to make the new strand?
3' to 5'
These are the two parts of the dogma!
What is transcription and translation?
Name one of the most signifgant ways that DNA and RNA replication differ? (Think how both are started)
RNA= no primer, DNA needs a primer