DNA Basics
DNA Structure & Replication
RNA & Transcription
Translation & Proteins
Mutations
Transcription/Translation/Protein Synthesis
100
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
100
Which base pairs with adenine in DNA?
Thymine
100
What type of RNA carries the genetic message from DNA?
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
100
Where are proteins made in the cell?
Ribosomes
100
What is a mutation?
A change in the DNA sequence
100
Code for mRNA using this DNA Template Strand:
T A C G G A C T T A C T
A U G C C U G A A U G A
200
Where is DNA found in eukaryotic cells?
The nucleus
200
Which base pairs with guanine in DNA?
Cytosine
200
What base replaces thymine in RNA?
Uracil
200
What is a protein made of?
Amino acids
200
What type of mutation changes a single nucleotide?
Point mutation
200
DNA (Template Strand):
T A C G G A C T T A C T
mRNA (after Transcription):
A U G C C U G A A U G A
Find the correct codons and create a final protein
Codons:
AUG | CCU | GAA | UGA
Amino Acids (Translation):
Methionine | Proline | Glutamic Acid | STOP
Final Protein:
Met – Pro – Glu
300
What is the shape of DNA called?
Double helix
300
What are the “sides” of the DNA ladder made of?
Sugar and phosphate
300
What enzyme builds RNA during transcription?
RNA polymerase
300
A sequence of three mRNA bases that codes for one amino acid
What is a codon?
300
What type of mutation shifts the reading frame of DNA?
Frameshift mutation
400
Name the four nitrogen bases found in DNA.
Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine
400
What is DNA replication?
The process by which DNA makes a copy of itself
400
Where does transcription take place in the cell?
The nucleus
400
What type of RNA brings amino acids to the ribosome?
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
400
What are two types of frameshift mutations?
Insertion and deletion
500
What are the three parts of a DNA nucleotide?
Phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar, nitrogen base
500
Why is DNA replication described as semi-conservative?
Each new DNA molecule contains one original strand and one new strand
500
During transcription, which DNA strand is used to make mRNA?
The template strand
500
What is the start codon and what amino acid does it code for?
AUG; methionine
500
Why can a frameshift mutation have a larger effect than a point mutation?
It changes all amino acids after the mutation