Cells & Enzymes
Type of cell division that produces gametes:
The process in which mRNA attaches to the ribosome and protein is assembled:
What is Translation
Another word for autotrophs:
Another word for heterotrophs:
Biotic factors are:
Abiotic factors are:
autotrophs = producers
heterotrophs = consumersBiotic factors are: living
Abiotic factors are: nonliving
2 parts:
The reactant an enzyme binds to is called a __________. Enzymes are this type of organic compound:The reactant an enzyme binds to is called a substrate. Enzymes are this type of organic compound: protein
What two taxa make up a scientific name?
Genus & Species
2 parts:
Who is the Father of Genetics?A three-base code "word" in DNA or RNA is called____. It forms one ____ ____.
Gregor Mendel
A three-base code "word" in DNA or RNA is called codon. It forms one amino acid.
6CO2 + 6H2O + light -> C6H12O6 + 6O2
osmosis is the diffusion of:
Active transport is __________ to __________ concentration.
A cell in _________ solution will shrink.
osmosis is the diffusion of water
Active transport is low to high concentration.
A cell in hypertonic solution will shrink.
2 parts:
How many kingdoms are there?Name them.
6
Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi, Animalia, PlantaeThe nitrogenous base that pairs with cytosine:
A nucleotide is made of: (hint: 3 parts)
Nucleotides are held together by weak bonds called ____ bonds.
Guanine
A nucleotide is made of: phosphate, sugar, nitrogen base
Nucleotides are held together by weak bonds called hydrogen bonds.
What is the major difference between primary and secondary succession?
Name & explain 3 symbiotic relationships.
predation/parasitism + -
mutualism + +
commensalism + 0
What is the formation of new species due to natural selection, environmental change, geographic isolation, or mutations?
________ __________ is when unrelated species evolve similar traits, when they live in different parts of the world.
convergent evolution
2 parts:
In what kingdom would you find amoeba & paramecium?
Specify the cell type (prokaryote or eukaryote) of the following kingdoms:
fungi, archaebacteria, protista
In what kingdom would you find amoeba & paramecium? Protista
fungi - eukaryote, archaebacteria = prokaryote, protista = eukaryote
Alleles get scrambled randomly when gametes are made; genes on separate chromosomes sort independently. This is called:
What type of mutation shifts the reading of the entire sequence of DNA?
Frameshift mutation (insertion & deletion)
2 parts:
Name 2 examples of density-dependent factors.
Name 2 examples of density-independent factors.
density-dependent factors: competition, predation, or parasitism
density-independent factors: hurricanes, tornadoes, fires, earthquakes, or droughts
2 parts:
The energy needed to start a reaction is:
The 3 types of passive transport are:
What is activation energy?
What is diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis
2 parts
What are the 3 domains?
Which domain would contain the most organisms?
Bacteria, Eukarya, Archaea
Eukarya has the most organisms (4 kingdoms)
Two alleles for the trait that are different are called:
Altering soil to improve crop growth is an example of ______ _______.
genetic engineering
2 parts
Name the 3 stages of cellular respiration in order.
Which stage produces the most amount of ATP?
Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, ETC
ETC produces most ATP
What is the difference between homologous, analogous, & vestigial structures?
Provide an example of each
Homologous - same structure; different function (cat arm & bat wing)
Analogous - same function; different structure (bird wing & insect wing)
Vestigial - remnant of once useful feature (whale hind limbs)