Organic Molecules
What are the 4 organic molecules?
Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic Acid
What is a Eukaryote cell?
- Contains nucleus
- Found in plants, animals, fungi, and protists
Which organelle is nicknamed the "powerhouse" of the cell?
Mitochondria
What is the function of an enzyme?
Enzymes speed up reactions
Name the phases of The Cell Cycle and Mitosis in order
(Interphase) G1, S, G2, Mitosis (Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase), Cytokinesis
What are the building blocks of proteins?
Amino Acids
What are the 3 statements that define The Cell Theory?
- The cell is the most basic unit of life
- All organisms are composed of cells
-All cells come from pre-existing cells
Where are proteins produced within a cell?
Ribosomes
What are the products of Photosynthesis?
Glucose (C6H12O6) and 6 O2
What is the result of Mitosis and Meiosis?
Mitosis
Two Diploid Daughter Cells
(Same number of chromosomes as parent cell)
Meiosis
Four haploid cells (Half of the number of chromosomes as the parent cell)What is the difference between Essential and Non-essential amino acid?
Essential = body does not produce
Non-essential = body produces
Explain the difference between Passive Transport and Active Transport?
Passive Transport- movement of substances across the plasma membrane WITHOUT the use of the cell's energy
Active Transport- movement of substances across the plasma membrane WITH the use of the cell's energy, substance moves from low to high concentration (against the concentration gradient)
What type of cell contains chloroplast and what is its function?
The chloroplast is found in plants only and captures solar energy for photosynthesis
What is the relationship between Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis?
The products of photosynthesis are the reactants of cellular respiration
Explain the process of Crossing-over, the result of it, and where it occurs
- genes from one chromosome are exchanged with genes from another chromosome
-Crossing-over = genetic variation
-Occurs regularly in Meiosis
What is the difference between unsaturated and saturated lipids?
Saturated = single bonds
Unsaturated= double bonds
What is the name of the structure that connects the two sister-chromatids?
Centromere
Where are lysosomes found?
Animals only because plants are autotrophs
How does adenosine triphosphate provide energy?
ATP is converted to ADP by losing a phosphate
In a chromosome pair connected by a centromere, what is each individual chromosome half called?
Sister Chromatids
Which macromolecule is used in cellular transport, speeding up reactions and makes up tissues in the body?
Protein
Name the Levels of Classification in order
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
There are two types of Endoplasmic Reticulum, what are they and what are their functions?
ER = site of chemical reactions
Rough ER = contains ribosomes
Smooth ER = lipid production
Describe the function of mRNA in Transcription and Translation
Transcription- mRNA is made of one strand of DNA and carries message to ribosomes
Translation- mRNA is translated into a protein at the ribsomomes
During what phase of mitosis do centromeres divide and the chromosomes move toward their respective poles?
Anaphase