DNA & Protein Synthesis
What molecule carries genetic information in cells?
A. RNA
B. ATP
C. DNA
D. Protein
C. DNA
What process allows multicellular organisms to grow and repair?
A. Meiosis
B. Mitosis
C. Photosynthesis
D. Fermentation
B. Mitosis
What limits the number of organisms an ecosystem can support?
A. Carbon cycle
B. Carrying capacity
C. Succession
D. Mutation rate
B. Carrying capacity
What are different forms of the same gene called?
A. Traits
B. Proteins
C. Alleles
D. Chromosomes
C. Alleles
Which structure suggests organisms share a common ancestor?
A. Analogous
B. Vestigial
C. Homologous
D. Parasitic
C. Homologous
Which process creates mRNA from DNA?
A. Translation
B. Transcription
C. Replication
D. Mitosis
B. Transcription
Which process transforms light energy into stored chemical energy?
A. Respiration
B. Fermentation
C. Mitosis
D. Photosynthesis
D. Photosynthesis
Which of the following is a biotic factor?
A. Water
B. Soil
C. Temperature
D. Bacteria
D. Bacteria
Which process creates gametes for reproduction?
A. Mitosis
B. Fertilization
C. Translation
D. Meiosis
D. Meiosis
What is natural selection?
A. Random survival
B. Equal survival for all
C. Survival and reproduction of the fittest
D. Elimination of all traits
C. Survival and reproduction of the fittest
What cell structure assembles amino acids into proteins?
A. Nucleus
B. Golgi apparatus
C. Ribosome
D. Vacuole
C. Ribosome
Where does cellular respiration mostly occur?
A. Ribosome
B. Mitochondrion
C. Chloroplast
D. Cytoplasm
B. Mitochondrion
What process returns carbon dioxide to the atmosphere?
A. Photosynthesis
B. Cellular respiration
C. Combustion only
D. Transpiration
B. Cellular respiration
What tool helps predict possible genetic outcomes in offspring?
A. Microscope
B. Bar graph
C. Punnett square
D. Karyotype
C. Punnett square
Which is evidence of evolution?
A. Fossil record
B. Sports stats
C. Weather data
D. Internet searches
A. Fossil record
What do we call a sequence of three bases that codes for an amino acid?
A. Anticodon
B. Peptide
C. Gene
D. Codon
D. Codon
What molecule stores and transfers energy in cells?
A. Glucose
B. DNA
C. ATP
D. Enzyme
C. ATP
Which human activity reduces biodiversity the most?
A. Recycling
B. Habitat destruction
C. Conservation
D. Seed planting
B. Habitat destruction
Which of the following can cause genetic mutations?
A. Mutation calculators
B. Environmental factors and replication errors
C. Oxygen and water
D. Respiration
B. Environmental factors and replication errors
How can environmental changes lead to extinction?
A. They always help species
B. Species may fail to adapt
C. Species become immortal
D. New species appear immediately
B. Species may fail to adapt
How does the structure of DNA determine the structure of proteins?
A. The order of sugar molecules in DNA shapes proteins
B. DNA makes lipids which create proteins
C. DNA sequence determines the amino acid sequence
D. DNA moves proteins to the ribosome
C. DNA sequence determines the amino acid sequence
What can happen if a cell bypasses a cell cycle checkpoint?
A. It becomes dormant
B. It stops dividing
C. It becomes a stem cell
D. It may divide uncontrollably (cancer)
D. It may divide uncontrollably (cancer)
How do photosynthesis and respiration cycle carbon?
A. Both add carbon to the atmosphere
B. Only animals cycle carbon
C. Photosynthesis removes CO₂; respiration releases it
D. Carbon is not cycled
C. Photosynthesis removes CO₂; respiration releases it
Why do traits vary in a population?
A. Only due to diet
B. Because of gravity
C. Due to genetic variation and environmental influences
D. All organisms are identical
C. Due to genetic variation and environmental influences
How does natural selection change a population over time?
A. It decreases gene frequency
B. It creates new genes from nothing
C. It increases advantageous traits
D. It erases all genetic differences
C. It increases advantageous traits