Cell differentiation, Human genome project
This is the process undifferentiated cells becoming specialized cells
What is cell differentiation?
What are the three types of RNA?
Messenger RNA, Ribosomal RNA, and Transfer RNA
What type of trait will show if present in the offspring?
Dominant trait
This is the process of one parent cell becoming four genetically different cells
Meiosis
name the four nitrogen bases
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and guanine
undifferentiated cells- cells that have not gone through cell differentiation to become specialized cells
specialized cells- cells that have specific functions in the body
List two differences between DNA and RNA
RNA has the sugar ribose, Uracil replaces thymine, and RNA is typically single stranded
if an offspring inherited one dominant and one recessive trait they are said to have which type of inheritance?
Heterozygous inheritance
How many chromosomes are present in a cell produced from Mitosis
The nitrogen bases are connected to the sugar-phosphate backbone by __________ bonds
covalent bonds
Name three places where stem cells can be found
3-5 days old embryos, bone marrow, amniotic fluid, and umbilical cord blood
What is referred to as the intervening sequences that are found on the pre-mRNA. These are later removed
introns
offsprings with heterozygous inheritance are also referred to as ____________ for the recessive trait
carriers
What are the four phases of mitosis
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase
DNA replication is a ____________ type of replication. This means that the parent strand separates, serves as a template, and produces two new DNA strands each with one parent strand and one new strand of DNA.
semiconservative
List three types of specialized cells
nerve cells, muscle cells, red blood cells, and sperm cells
Name the three binding sites found in the ribosomes
A, P, and E
Blood types are determined by the presence of specific ________ which are found on red blood cells
antigens
What must occur before both mitosis and meiosis can occur
interphase
This enzyme unwinds and unzips the DNA
The goal of this was to map out the entire human genome through the sequencing of base pairs, mapping locations of genes, and creating linkage maps
Human Genome Project
What is created after the process of translation is completed?
amino acids form a polypeptide chain thus creating protein
this is a type of inheritance in which a specific trait is not completely shown in the offspring
Incomplete dominance
name and list what happens in each phase of interphase
G1- cell is growing
Synthesis- everything duplicates
G2- cell is growing
DNA Polymerase forms fragments of nucleotides that will be placed on the parent strand of DNA instead of moving smoothly down the parent strand of DNA. What are the names of these fragments?
Okazaki Fragments