BIOLOGY EOC REVIEW

Plants and Body Systems

Cell Cycle

Ecology

Evolution and Taxonomy

Genetics

Biology MIX

100

Plant hormones serve as chemical messengers between cells and tissues. Auxin is a plant hormone that causes the cells on the shady side of a plant shoot to elongate. The response enabled by auxin is known as —

F geotropism

G transpiration

H phototropism

J photosynthesis

H phototropism

100

Scientists can bioengineer skin in a laboratory to treat severe burns and other types of skin injuries. This bioengineered tissue is grown from living cells. The cellular process that enables the cells to grow and develop into tissue is —

F conjugation

G meiosis

H budding

J mitosis

100

Scientists around the world use a standardized taxonomic system. Why would scientists want to use a taxonomic system that is standardized?

A In order to avoid confusion with the identification of organisms

B Because Linnaeus established the system

C So that Latin names can be applied for a practical purpose

D In order to place organisms in different groups

A In order to avoid confusion with the identification of organisms

100

Sexual reproduction in animals depends on the production of gametes. Which of these processes produces gametes in animals?

F Mitosis

G Fertilization

H Meiosis

J Binary fission

H Meiosis

100

200

What two human systems work together to provide body cells with a constant supply of oxygen while removing carbon dioxide waste products?

A Nervous and endocrine

B Muscular and skeletal

C Respiratory and circulatory

D Excretory and Respiratory

C Respiratory and circulatory

200

Which phase of mitosis is the cell above in?

A. Prophase

B. Metaphase

C. Anaphase

D. Telophase

C. Anaphase

200

G. Ants and Grasshoppers

200

During meiosis, homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material (Crossing over). This exchange of genetic material —

A increases the genetic variation

B reduces the diploid number to the haploid number

C increases the haploid number to the diploid number

D reduces the probability of mutations

A increases the genetic variation

200

Proteins and polysaccharides are polymers. Which statement correctly identifies a difference in the structure of proteins and polysaccharides?

A. Only polysaccharides can be folded and twisted to very specific shapes.

B. Only proteins are formed from amino acids joined by peptide bonds.

C. Only proteins can be large molecules with thousands of subunits.

B. Only proteins are formed from amino acids joined by peptide bonds.

200

300

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is an illness caused by a coronavirus. Symptoms including a high fever, headaches, and body aches typically occur two to seven days after infection by the virus. SARS is more serious in elderly patients. This information suggests that the reproductive cycle of the SARS virus is —

A lysogenic, because the virus is a coronavirus

B lytic, because the virus causes respiratory illness

C lysogenic, because the virus primarily affects older people

D lytic, because of the quick onset of symptoms after infection

300

What do the two arrows represent?

A. Arrow 1 represents prophase, Arrow 2 represents interphase.

B. Arrow 1 represents mitosis, Arrow 2 represents meiosis.

C. Arrow 1 represents interphase, Arrow 2 represents mitosis.

D. Arrow 1 represents meiosis, Arrow 2 represents prophase.

C. Arrow 1 represents interphase, Arrow 2 represents mitosis.

300

F 100 Joules

300

Arthropods are joint-legged animals. Spiders, crabs, pill bugs, centipedes, and millipedes are examples of the many types of arthropods. Which of these arthropods are most closely related?

F Arthropods of the same family

G Arthropods of the same class

H Arthropods of the same genus

J Arthropods of the same species

300

Characteristics such as a widow’s peak or attached earlobes are determined by the genetic code. Which components of DNA are referred to as the genetic code?

F Phosphate groups

G Nitrogenous bases

H Deoxyribose sugars

J Hydrogen bonds

G Nitrogenous bases

300

400

Invasive plant species affect the interactions of living and nonliving components of an ecosystem, so the removal of invasive plants is often necessary. The goal of most plant-control methods is to disrupt or inhibit the function of different plant systems. For example, insects can be used to chew through roots in order to reduce a plant’s ability to absorb water. Which of these functions would be most immediately affected by a reduction in water uptake by roots?

F Disease resistance

G Seed dispersal

H Sunlight absorption

J Photosynthesis

400

The activities in the cell cycle occur during specific phases. In which phase of the cell cycle is DNA Replicated?

A. Mitosis

B. G1 phase

C. G2 phase

D. S phase

400

A. Intestinal bacteria obtain nutrients from the gut and produce vitamin K used by humans.

400

Which cellular process takes place in the ribosomes that are bound to the endoplasmic reticulum?

A The breakdown of waste material

B The conversion of radiant energy to glucose

C The synthesis of new proteins

D The replication of nucleic acids

C The synthesis of new proteins

400

500

In the 1880s, Louis Pasteur developed a method of weakening viruses. The weakened viruses could be injected into healthy individuals.

How is this method effective in fighting viral diseases?

A The immune system develops antibodies in response to the weakened viruses.

B The weakened viruses attach to unaffected viruses in the host and interrupt the viral reproductive cycle.

C The rate of genetic mutation in the host is decreased due to the introduction of weakened viruses.

D Weakened viruses are unable to enter the host organism.

A The immune system develops antibodies in response to the weakened viruses.

500

People who have leukemia, a cancer that affects white blood cells, are often given Cytarabine. This drug inhibits the synthesis of DNA. Which phase of the cell cycle is most affected by Cytarabine?

A G1 phase

B S phase

C G2 phase

D M phase

B S phase

500

What is the role of mRNA in expressing specialized structures?

F Making energy available for cellular activities

G Creating bonds to form biomolecules

H Producing sugars that assist with replication

J Providing information to form proteins

500