Chemistry of Life
This type of data describes characteristics.
What is qualitative data?
These provide structure and support to the body of an organism.
What are Cells?
C6H12O6 (s) + 6 O2 (g) → 6 CO2 (g) + 6 H2O (l) + energy
What is cellular respiration?
A process by which cells duplicate their contents and then divide to yield multiple cells with similar, if not duplicate, contents.
The process by which a double-stranded DNA molecule is copied to produce two identical DNA molecules.
What is replication?
This type of data describes the measurable aspects of an observation
What is quantitative?
The power house of the cell.
What is the Mitochondria?
This is the energy produced during cellular respiration.
What is ATP?
During this phase cells increase in size and DNA replicates.
What is Interphase?
Molecules carry the coding sequences for protein synthesis and are called transcripts
What is Messenger RNA?
A state of balance among all the body systems needed for the body to survive and function correctly.
What is homeostasis
All living organisms are composed of one or more cells
The cell is the most basic unit of life
All cells arise only from pre-existing cells
What is the Cell Theory?
Respiration in the absence of oxygen.
What is anaerobic respiration?
This is the nuclear division resulting in the production of two somatic cells having the same genetic complement (genetically identical) as the original cell.
What is Mitosis?
The three main types of RNA
mRNA(Messenger RNA), rRNA(ribosomal RNA), and tRNA(transfer RNA)
The amount of heat one gram of a substance must absorb or lose to change its temperature by one degree Celsius.
What is specific heat?
The scientist to give cells their name.
Who was Robert Hooke ?
4 ATP are produced during the __________ phase of cellular respiration.
Glycolysis
The ultimate goal of the process is to reduce the number of chromosomes by half to produce gametes.
What is Meiosis?
Adenine always pairs with Thymine except in RNA then it pairs with ___________.
What is Uracil?
As the water evaporates, energy is taken up by the process, ________ the environment where the evaporation is taking place.
What is cooling?
This scientist made the made the groundbreaking discovery that bacteria exist.
Antony van Leeuwenhoek
2 ATP are produced in this cycle.
What is the Krebs Cycle?
Nuclear envelope disintegrates and a spindle of microtubules forms. Centrioles may help organize the spindle as in this animal cell. The chromosomes begin to move toward the midplane of the spindle
What is Prophase?
Cytosine always pairs with _________
What is Guanine?
Since water is a _______ molecule with slightly positive and slightly negative charges, ions and polar molecules can readily dissolve in it
What is polar?
This is where a cell stores useful items it will need later on.
What is a vacuole?
6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2.
What is photosynthesis?
Specialized cell (egg or sperm) used in sexual reproduction containing half the normal number of chromosomes of a somatic cell.
What is a gamete?
This consists of a sugar molecule (either ribose in RNA or deoxyribose in DNA) attached to a phosphate group and a nitrogen-containing base.
What is a nucleotide?
The solute particles consist of tiny clumps of molecules large enough to make the liquid mixture opaque.
What is colloid?
This organelle contains digestive enzymes and breaks down old organelles into useful parts.
What is a lysosome?
These Items are needed for photosynthesis.
What are water, carbon dioxide and sunlight?
Centromeres separate and the sister chromatids, now termed chromosomes, are pulled toward opposite poles of the spindle.
What is Anaphase?
After the primer is in place on a single, unwound polynucleotide strand, DNA ________ wraps itself around that strand, and it attaches new nucleotides to the exposed nitrogenous bases
What is polymerase?
This is a liquid mixture in which a heavier substance is suspended temporarily in a liquid, but over time, settles out.
What is a suspension?
These make up the cell membrane.
What are phospholipids?
The reactions in photosynthesis.
What are the dark and light reactions?
A nuclear envelope forms around each set of chromosomes, the spindle disappears and the chromosomes decondense.
What is Telophase?
Briefly attaches to each strand and assembles a foundation at which replication can begin
What is primase?
This allows for the development of surface tension, the capacity of a substance to withstand being ruptured when placed under tension or stress.
What is Cohesion ?
This is where DNA is located.
What is the nucleus?
3 steps in cellular respiration
What are Glycolysis, the Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain.
When they are on the midplane with centromeres attached to spindle fibers
What is Metaphase?
Unzips DNA for replication.
What is helicase?
The attraction of molecules for other molecules of a different kind
What is Adhesion?
This type of cell has membrane bound organelles.
What is a Eukaryotic cell?
The by product of anaerobic respiration.
What is lactic acid?
The physical process of cell division, which divides the cytoplasm of a parental cell into two daughter cells.
What is cytokinesis?
Humans have ________ pairs of chromosomes.
What is 23?