Biomolecules & Enzymes
This biomolecule serves as the primary energy source for cells and is the main component of plant cell walls.
What are carbohydrates?
Unlike eukaryotic cells, these smaller, simpler cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles.
What are prokaryotic cells?
During this phase of the cell cycle, DNA is replicated to ensure daughter cells have identical genetic instructions.
What is the S phase (Synthesis)?
This process produces four genetically different haploid gametes, reducing the chromosome count from 46 to 23 in humans.
What is meiosis?
In a plant, this vascular tissue is responsible for transporting water and minerals upward from the roots.
What is xylem?
These "helper" molecules are typically proteins that speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy.
What are enzymes?
This theory suggests that mitochondria and chloroplasts were once independent prokaryotes that were engulfed by a larger cell.
What is the Endosymbiotic Theory?
This term describes DNA replication because each new molecule consists of one original strand and one new strand.
What is semi-conservative?
This mechanism of evolution occurs when organisms best suited for their environment survive and pass on favorable traits.
What is natural selection?
This animal system is responsible for fast communication via action potentials and includes the brain and spinal cord.
What is the nervous system?
This specific type of lipid is a major structural component of cell membranes because it is insoluble in water.
What are phospholipids?
This organelle is the site of cellular respiration, where stored chemical energy is transformed into ATP.
What is the mitochondria?
In DNA base-pairing, Cytosine always pairs with Guanine, and Adenine always pairs with this nitrogenous base.
What is Thymine?
This type of mutation involves the insertion or deletion of a nucleotide, changing every codon that follows it
What is a frameshift mutation?
This percentage of energy is typically lost as heat as it moves up from one trophic level to the next in an energy pyramid.
What is 90%? (Alternatively: What is 10% is passed on?)
When an enzyme's structure is altered by extreme temperature or pH, it is said to have undergone this process, making it non-functional.
What is denaturing?
This is the balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis.
6CO2 +6H2O--> C6H12O6 +6O2
This group of diseases is characterized by uncontrolled cell growth and the formation of tumors due to disruptions in the cell cycle.
What is cancer?
These are structures that develop from the same embryonic tissue but may have different mature forms, like a bird's wing and a human arm.
What are homologous structures?
What is essential for the Nitrogen Cycle because the convert nitrogen into a usable form for plants.
What is bacteria?
This viral replication cycle is characterized by a long period of incubation or dormancy where no symptoms are evident.
What is the lysogenic cycle?