The BRAIN
This type of feedback loop moves a system further away from its equilibrium point to complete a process, such as blood clotting or childbirth.
What is positive feedback?
This molecule is the "messenger" that carries the genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosome.
What is mRNA?
This term refers to the maximum number of individuals of a population that an environment can support over a long period.
What is carrying capacity?
These primitive cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles; bacteria are the most common example.
What are prokaryotes?
This green pigment found in autotrophs is responsible for absorbing light energy during photosynthesis.
What is chlorophyll?
These specialized cells are the basic building blocks of the brain and use electrical impulses to communicate.
What are neurons?
This is the specific process where the DNA sequence is "rewritten" into an RNA sequence in the nucleus.
What is transcription?
If a producer level has 10,000 Joules of energy, this much energy is available to the secondary consumers.
What is 100 Joules?
During this longest phase of the cell cycle, the cell grows, performs normal functions, and replicates its DNA.
What is Interphase?
This "energy currency" of the cell is produced in large quantities during aerobic cellular respiration in the mitochondria.
What is ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)?
This term describes the stable internal environment that living things must maintain despite changes in the external environment.
What is homeostasis?
During translation, these molecules bring the correct amino acids to the ribosome based on the mRNA codon.
What is tRNA (transfer RNA)?
These are the non-living parts of an ecosystem, such as sunlight, temperature, and soil pH, that limit where organisms can live.
What are abiotic factors?
This is the specific stage of mitosis where sister chromatids are pulled apart and move toward opposite poles of the cell.
What is Anaphase?
These are the two primary waste products of cellular respiration that are used as reactants in photosynthesis.
What are Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and Water (H2O)?
In order for a signal to cross the synaptic gap between two neurons, the electrical impulse must be converted into these chemical messengers, such as dopamine or serotonin.
What are neurotransmitters?
In DNA, Cytosine always pairs with Guanine, while Adenine always pairs with this nitrogenous base in RNA.
What is Uracil?
This type of relationship occurs when both species involved benefit from the interaction, such as bees and flowers.
What is mutualism?
This critical event occurs during Prophase I of meiosis, where homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material to increase genetic diversity.
What is crossing over?
This stage of cellular respiration occurs in the cytoplasm and breaks down glucose into two molecules of pyruvate.
What is glycolysis?
During a high-stress event, this division of the autonomic nervous system triggers an increased heart rate and the dilation of pupils.
What is the sympathetic ("fight or flight") nervous system?
You are given the following DNA template strand:
This is the resulting amino acid sequence.
What are Met-Lys-Arg (last codon is "stop")?
This is the process through which bacteria change atmospheric nitrogen into organic nitrogen that can be used by plants.
What is nitrogen fixation?
These "quality control" points in the cell cycle, regulated by proteins like cyclins, ensure the cell is ready to proceed to the next phase without mutations.
What are checkpoints?
During the Light-Dependent reactions of photosynthesis, this molecule is "split" to provide electrons.
What is Water (H2O)?