(In)Famous People
This English gentleman traveled to the Galapagos and studied the beaks of finches as an example of adaptations to a certain environment.
Who was Charles Darwin?
Anthropology uses the ______________ to test our ideas about the evolution of the human lineage.
What is the scientific method?
DNA contains a _________ sugar while RNA contains a __________ sugar.
What is deoxyribose and ribose?
Bonus Question: 50 points...
In RNA, which nitrogenous base does uracil bond with?
A change in this frequency from generation to generation will result in evolution.
What is allele frequency?
________ is a response to a stressor that changes physical structure, biological function, or behavior to facilitate survival and reproduction in a given environment.
What is adaptation?
While using some terrible and racist classifications of humans, this man did form the basis for our modern scientific nomenclature (naming system for species).
Who is Carolus Linnaeus?
In physical anthropology, _________ theory explains the variation in the hominin lineage over time.
What is evolutionary theory?
These discrete physical units are responsible for producing each trait in our body and are located on chromosomes.
What are genes?
Over time, the hominin lineage has increased brain size, which is an example of _______ selection.
What is directional selection?
Wet earwax appears in individuals who have the homozygous dominant genotype. Dry earwax appears in individuals who have the homozygous recessive genotype. It is impossible to have any blended phenotype. This is a _____ trait.
What is a simple or Mendelian trait?
This man was a physician and naturalist. He did some terrible science using a very small sample size of 60 skulls to represent all of modern human cranial variation. This terrible science set up many modern racial classification systems.
Who is Johann Blumenbach?
Name one current, living anthropologist mentioned in lecture who works in or studies a specialization within physical anthropology.
Many correct responses...
Bonus Question: 50 points to those groups who can describe what that person does/studies
Polypeptide chains of ____________ form proteins that create our phenotype.
What are amino acids?
The _____ hypothesis explains why people have different skin colors due to selective pressures preventing overexposure to UV rays and insufficient ________ synthesis. (Both blanks are same answer.)
What is Vitamin D?
_______ adaptations, such as HIV resistance, occur at the population level, are inherited, and cannot be reversed.
What is a genetic adaptation?
The idea of uniformatarianism (gradual, uniform processes account for present and past geological features) is attributed to ____________.
Who is James Hutton or Charles Lyell-(rediscovered Hutton's work)?
Evolution can be observed using three methods: studying the fossil record, observing organisms change in lab cultures, and ________ _________.
What is artificial breeding?
The gametes of one parent includes ____ (#) of chromosomes. Gametes are created by the process of _______.
What is 23 and meiosis?
22 autosomes +
X or Y chromosome
An individual develops a mutation in their lung cells due to many years of smoking and eventually develops lung cancer. This individual lives long enough to survive and reproduce. Is their fitness affected by the mutation? Why?
No...unless the smoking also mutated the gametes or individual was pregnant and smoking
If an individual has a low surface area to volume ratio with shorter limbs, what type of environment is the individual adapted to?
What is a cold environment?
Remember:
Allen’s Rule-heat adapted mammals will have long limbs to maximize surface area
Bergmann's Rule- higher surface area/volume equals more heat dissipation
This guy had a developed similar ideas to Charles Darwin while sick with malaria in South America and co-authored the first publication on evolution.
Who is Alfred Russel Wallace?
When a human baby is born and raised in a cold, high altitude environment, the baby will grow up with larger lung volume and a barrel shaped chest. This is an example of what kind of modern human adaptation.
What is developmental?
p + q = 1 AND p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1
In corn, kernel color is governed by a dominant allele for white color (W) and by a recessive allele (w). A random sample of 100 kernels from a population that is in H-W equilibrium reveals that 9 kernels are yellow (ww) and 91 kernels are white.
What is the heterozygote frequency?
What is 0.42 or 42%?
A thunderstorm causes a tree to fall over killing a random sample of killdeer nesting on the ground below. This event changes the allele frequency in the killdeer breeding population. It is an example of this kind of evolutionary force.
What is genetic drift?
Human weight is a complex trait with continuous variation and is strongly influenced by the environment. Human weight is a _______ trait.
What is a multifactorial trait? (Remember polygenic traits exhibit continuous variation but do not have strong environmental influences.)