Atomic Theory/Molecular bonds
The 3 subatomic particles with their respective charges
what is proton (+), electron (-), and neutron
4 major biomolecules
what are proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids
1. Location of synthesis of proteins
2. Location of cellular respiration
3. Contains digestive enzymes
1. Ribosomes
2. Mitochondria
3. Peroxisomes/lysosomes
3 components of a single DNA monomer
Nucleotide: phosphate group, 5C sugar, nitrogenous base
The end result of prep step
2, 3C pyruvate
2, 2C acetyl CoA
Properties of water
what is…cohesion/adhesion, surface tension, density as a function of temperate, heat capacity, universal solvent
Hydrolysis vs. dehydration synthesis
Hydrolysis- adding a water molecule to break up a polymer
Dehydration- removing a water molecule to bind two molecules together
Components of cell membrane
Phospholipid bilayer (polar head, nonpolar tail)
Proteins
Central dogma of biology
DNA— mRNA— protein
Building up molecules (rxn)
Breaking down molecules (rxn)
anabolic
Catabolic
= metabolism
The subatomic particle that changes for isotopes
neutrons
Different types of carbohydrate arrangements
Linear- structural elements (cellulose)
Branched- energy storage (starch/glycogen)
Group of organelles responsible for protein synthesis
Endomembrane system
5 properties of genetic code and their meanings
triplet, non-overlapping, punctuated, degenerate, unambiguous
The purpose of Krebs (citric acid/TCA) cycle
production of NADH and FADH2
*CO2, ATP
Ionic vs. covalent vs. hydrogen bonds
Ionic- a complete transfer/steal of electrons
Covalent- sharing electrons between atoms
Hydrogen bonds- polar molecules forming covalent hydrogen bonds
Polymers are generated through a process called…
polymerization
4 different ways of transportation for a molecule across the cell membrane
Simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport, osmosis
Steps of transcription
What is..
RNA polymerase binding to promoter, unzips helix and adds complementary RNA bases.
RNA polymerase stops at termination codon
Location of glycolysis
Location of Krebs
Location of ETC
Glycolysis- cytoplasm
Krebs- mitochondrial matrix
ETC- inner mitochondrial membrane
The formula to determine mass number
#protons + #neutrons
Protein monomer and polymer
Carbohydrate monomer and polymer
Nucleic acid monomer and polymer
Lipid monomer and polymer
Protein- amino acid/polypeptide chain
Carbohydrate- monosaccharide/dissaccharides
Nucleic acid- nucleotide/DNA/RNA
Lipid- glycerol and fatty acid … triglycerides (tricky)
Saturated vs. unsaturated membranes
Saturated- less fluid membrane
Unsaturated- more fluid membrane with kinked tails
Steps of translation
what is…
Ribosome binds to RNA and tRNA attaches to AUG codon at the A site
second tRNA enters with its amino acid and catalyzes its binding at P site (Elongation continues and then leaves at E site)
Translation ends when ribosome reads stop codon
The purpose of ETC
Produce large amounts of ATP, e- propel H+ up the channel and move downwards through ATP synthase
*water byproduct