DNA and RNA I
What is DNA?
It's a biomolecule that contains the genetic information of an organism.
What is the main difference between DNA and RNA?
DNA has a double helix structure and RNA is a simple chain. Also, RNA changes in one nucleotide base.
A change in DNA
Where can you find DNA in eukaryotic cells?
In the nucleus. In the mitochondria (Extra 100 points).
What is the Cell Cycle?
It's the life cycle of a cell.
What are the nucleotide bases that conform RNA?
Adenine (A), Citosine (C), Uracil (U) and Guanine (G).
What are the nucleotide bases that conform DNA?
Adenine (A), Citosine (C), Timine (T) and Guanine (G).
Central Dogma of Molecular Biology tells us that the route to form a protein is:
DNA ---> RNA ---> Protein
It's a section of DNA that codifies for an specific protein:
Gene
What does the cell have to do before dividing itself?
Duplicate its DNA, its organelles and grow.
What is the union rule of nucleotide bases in DNA?
Adenine (A) with Timine (T) and Citosine (C) with Guanine (G)
Write the complementary DNA sequence of the following DNA chain:
A C G G T A C T T G A C A G G T C A G C
T G C C A T G A A C T G T C C A G T C G
RNA is read in groups of three nucleotide bases named:
Codons
It's a list of all combinations of three nucleotide bases that exist in RNA and the aminoacid or instruction that correspond to each of them:
Genetic code
Name the phases of Mitosis:
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase and Telophase
Write the complementary RNA sequence of the following DNA chain:
T G G A C T T G C C A T G T A C A T G A
A C C U G A A C G G U A C A U G U A C U
Who discovered the structure of DNA?
Rosalind Franklin
It's the name of the molecules that form a protein.
Aminoacids
It's the name of the RNA that leaves the nucleus (in eukaryotic cells) and is read to form a protein:
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
It's the phase of the cell cycle in which the cell stays most of the time.
Interphase
What is the complete name of RNA?
Ribonucleic Acid
What is the complete name of DNA?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
It's the process in which DNA is read to form mRNA
Transcription
It's the process in which mRNA is read to form a protein
Translation
It's the process by which reproductive cells reproduce themselves.
Meiosis