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100
Which of the following processes is most likely going on in the muscles of the weightlifter as he competes in his event?
A. As the cells run out of oxygen they switch to anaerobic respiration, which allows the cell to make small amounts of ATP in the absence of oxygen.
B. As the cells run out of oxygen, they die off gradually and the weightlifter's muscles have fewer contracting muscle cells.
C. The cells will never run out of oxygen if the weightlifter is breathing.
A. As the cells run out of oxygen they switch to anaerobic respiration, which allows the cell to make small amounts of ATP in the absence of oxygen.
100
A student is labeling a model of mitosis. Which description should the student label as metaphase?
A. The chromosomes separate and move along spindle fibers to opposite ends of the cell.
B. The chromosomes, which were distinct and condensed, begin to spread out into a tangle of chromatin.
C. The centromeres of the duplicated chromosomes line up across the center of the cell.
C. The centromeres of the duplicated chromosomes line up across the center of the cell.
100
Which statement describes an advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction?
A. Sexual reproduction results in more genetic variation in organisms than asexual reproduction.
B. Sexual reproduction requires more time to produce organisms than asexual reproduction.
C. Sexually produced offspring are more dependent on their parents for survival than offspring produced through asexual reproduction.
A. Sexual reproduction results in more genetic variation in organisms than asexual reproduction.
100
A person with swollen gums rinses his mouth with warm salt water, and the swelling decreases. Which of the following has occurred?
A. The swollen gums have absorbed the saltwater solution.
B. The saltwater solution lowers the temperature of the water in the gums.
C. The water in the gums has moved out due to the high concentration of salt in the solution.
C. The water in the gums has moved out due to the high concentration of salt in the solution.
100
The movement indicated by all the arrows are directly involved in:
The maintenance of homeostasis
200
What structural feature does glucose share with larger carbohydrates?
A. a ratio of 1 carbon atom to 2 hydrogen atoms to 1 oxygen atom
B. strong bonds between carbon atoms that cannot be broken
C. ionic bonds between carbon atoms and oxygen atoms
A. a ratio of 1 carbon atom to 2 hydrogen atoms to 1 oxygen atom
200
Tupai is part of the Leeward Islands. For years, people were not allowed on this island. Recently, it has been opened to tourists. How will increased development and human interactions likely affect succession on this island?
A. Lichens will increase quickly, creating a climax community.
B. Mature trees will decrease, creating a pioneer community.
C. Biodiversity will decrease as the number of species decreases.
D. More diverse species will move into the area as biodiversity increases.
C. Biodiversity will decrease as the number of species decreases.
200
Viruses use the universal genetic code, are able to reproduce (in a host cell), and can evolve. Why are they considered NOT a Living thing?
Viruses satisfy only some of the characteristics of life, but not all of them.
200
Under what circumstances, if any, is a mutation beneficial to a population?
A. A mutation will be beneficial if it changes a protein in a way that increases the fitness of the offspring.
B.A mutation will be beneficial if it results in an extra copy of a chromosome.
C. A mutation will never be beneficial.
D. A mutation will be beneficial if it occurs in response to a mutagen in its natural environment.
A. A mutation will be beneficial if it changes a protein in a way that increases the fitness of the offspring.
200
About 800 ash trees live in a tract of conservation land. Which of these events would have the least effect on the land’s carrying capacity for ash trees?
A. Maple trees are introduced to the land, where they grow well.
B. Human activities drain about half of the water that the land generally receives.
C. A beetle that infects ash trees is introduced to the land.
D. About one third of the ash trees are cut down and hauled away.
D. About one third of the ash trees are cut down and hauled away.
300
What statement best describes the cell after 20 minutes?
A. Water will move from the cell into the beaker, resulting in a smaller cell.
B. Water will move from the beaker into the cell, resulting in a larger cell.
A. Water will move from the cell into the beaker, resulting in a smaller cell.
300
Which two cell structures are included in all three cells?
ALL CELLS MUST HAVE:
cell membrane
ribosomes
Cytoplasm
300
During photosynthesis, how is the light energy that strikes the cell transformed into the chemical energy stored in sugars?
A. Energy is transferred directly to sugars, with no intermediates.
B. Energy is transferred to sugars through intermediates such as H2O, O2, and CO2.
C. Energy is transferred to sugars through light-dependent reactions.
C. Energy is transferred to sugars through light-dependent reactions.
300
Which of the following correctly describes a type of glucose polymer?
A. cellulose, which forms a tough fiber in plants
B. DNA, which contains genetic information
C. catalase, which is a component of cell membranes
A. cellulose, which forms a tough fiber in plants
300
The cell begins duplicating its DNA based on high concentrations of which cyclin protein?
A. Cyclin D
B. Cyclin E
C. Cyclin A
B. Cyclin E
400
A certain bacterial colony originated from the division of a single bacterial cell. Each cell in this colony will most likely:
A. replicate different numbers of genes
B. have a resistance to different antibiotics
C. synthesize the same proteins and enzymes
C. synthesize the same proteins and enzymes
400
Which of the following is a difference between mitosis and meiosis ?
A. In anaphase of mitosis, sister chromatids separate. In anaphase I of meiosis, homologous chromosomes separate.
B. Anaphase of mitosis leads to four haploid cells. Anaphase I of meiosis leads to two diploid cells.
C. Crossing-over occurs after anaphase of mitosis while crossing-over occurs before anaphase I of meiosis.
D. Chromosomes are not replicated before a cell enters anaphase of mitosis. Chromosomes have been replicated before a cell enters anaphase I of meiosis.
A. In anaphase of mitosis, sister chromatids separate. In anaphase I of meiosis, homologous chromosomes separate.
400
Which life function is not necessary for an individual organism to stay alive?
A. Nutrition
B. Reproduction
C. Response to stimuli
B. Reproduction
400
The most likely result of CROSSING OVER is
A. A loss of genetic information that will produce a genetic disorder in the offspring
B. An inability to pass either of these chromosomes on to offspring
C. A new combination of inheritable traits that can appear in the offspring
D. An increase in the chromosome number of the organism in which this process occurs
C. A new combination of inheritable traits that can appear in the offspring
400
Which two genotypes are possible for the individual indicated with the question mark?
A. oo
B. Ao
C. AB
D. Bo
B. Ao
C. AB
500
Which two statements describe how photosynthesis and cellular respiration are interrelated?
A. Oxygen is produced during cellular respiration and stored during photosynthesis.
B. Carbon dioxide and water released by cellular respiration are used in photosynthesis.
C. Photosynthesis produces the glucose that is broken down during the process of cellular respiration.
D. Glucose is used during cellular respiration to produce food that is broken down during photosynthesis.
B. Carbon dioxide and water released by cellular respiration are used in photosynthesis.
C. Photosynthesis produces the glucose that is broken down during the process of cellular respiration.
500
Place the images in order with the beginning stage of mitosis listed first.
D - A - C - B
500
Based on the data represented in the graph, the rate of photosynthesis __________as the level of available__________ increases.
INCREASES LIGHT
500
Which conclusion is most consistent with the data in the table?
A. Cells in the integumentary system divide faster than any other type of cell in the body.
B. Cells in the digestive system are among the most rapidly dividing cells in the body
B. Cells in the digestive system are among the most rapidly dividing cells in the body
500
How do you know if particle movement is passive or active?
Active transport requires ATP, Passive does not.
Passive moves particle from High to low, active transport moves low to high