Mitosis and Meiosis
What are the four stages of mitosis?
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
What is the relationship between the formulas in cellular respiration and photosynthesis?
They are opposites.
What is a chemical reaction?
process that changes one set of chemicals into another
What is a species?
a group of individuals that can interbreed
What are the three parts of a nucleotide?
phosphate group, pentose sugar, nitrogenous base
What is the purpose of the S phase in the cell cycle?
replicate DNA
What is the formula for photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
P: 6H2O + 6CO2 = C6H12O2 + 6O2
C: 6O2 + C6H12O6 = 6CO2 + 6H2O
What elements are in nucleic acids?
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus
What is the function of decomposers?
obtain energy from dead organisms and recycle them
adenine with thymine
guanine and cytosine
What are the products of mitosis and meiosis?
Meiosis: 4 haploid cells
Mitosis: 2 diploid cells
electron transport chain
What kinds of molecules are monosaccharides and polysaccharides and what are examples?
carbohydrates
M: glucose
P: glycogen
Biotic: living factors- organisms, predation, etc.
Abiotic: nonliving factors- sunlight, soil acidity, etc.
What are three differences between DNA and RNA?
1. Ribose instead of deoxyribose
2. Uracil instead of thymine
3. single stranded
when sperm and egg come together to form a diploid cell known as a zygote
Why does fermentation occur?
To supply glycolysis with NADH to keep the production of ATP going when there is no oxygen
What is the structure of a lipid?
three fatty acid tails with carbon chains with a glycerol backbone
What is happening with genes during evolution?
Organism are getting mutations with prove to be advantageous and lots of organisms receive it.
What is the difference between a gene and DNA?
a gene codes for something and is a long strand of DNA where the rest of DNA codes for nothing
What is happening in each phase: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase?
P: chromosomes condense
M: chromosomes move to the middle and spindles are formed
A: chromosomes are split and pulled to opposite sides of the cell
T: cell starts to split
What is the process of the light dependent reaction in photosynthesis?
Water releases its electrons into PSII. Light hits the photosystem exciting electrons. The electrons move through transporters and hydrogen ions are pumped into the thylakoid membrane. In PSI, electrons are excited again. At the end, electrons are picked up by NADP+. The hydrogen ions diffuse across the membrane through ATP synthase causing it to rotate and produce ATP.
What are each of the following bonds: ionic and covalent?
I: when negative and positive molecules are attracted to each other
C: when molecules share electrons
What are the 8 levels of classification?
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
What are the three steps of DNA replication?
1) DNA helicase unwinds DNA creating a replication fork.
2) DNA polymerase attaches the correct nucleotide to the DNA by the base-pairing rule.
3) The new strand breaks off.