Biology Final

Cell Biology

100

Name one differences between plant and animal cells

Plants cells have cell walls, chloroplasts, large vacoule

Plant cells are square, animal cells are round

200

What is the difference between active and passive transport?

Active transport requires energy

300

What is the function of the mitochondria?

Creates energy for the cell

400

What is osmosis?

The diffusion of water

500

Describe how molecules move through the concentration gradient

Molecules move from areas of high to low concentration

DNA / Genetics

100

What is the shape of DNA?

Double Helix

200

Replicate the following DNA strand: ACG TGG

TGC ACC

300

What are the four bases in DNA?

A, T, C, G

400

Define or give an example of a heterozygous genotype.

Bb

500

A woman with brown eyes (BB) marries a man with blue eyes (bb). What are the possible genotypes and phenotypes of their children?

All of their children will have brown eyes (Bb)

Viruses

300

Why do antibiotics not work against viruses?

Viruses are not alive, antibiotics only kill living things

400

Describe the lytic cycle

The virus invades a host cell and makes copies of itself. It then bursts out of the cell and attacks the host.

500

Describe the lysogenic cycle

The virus waits to attack the host. It will replicate inside the host body for generations, creating many copies. 

Evolution

100

Name an adaptation of any animal

examples: long necks of giraffes, gills of fish, claws of cats

200

Have humans evolved in the past 100 years? If yes, give an example.

Yes - smaller jaws, taller

300

Describe natural selection

Natural selection is when organisms that are not well suited for their environments die before they can reproduce.

400

Define one of the following: homologous structure, analogous structure, vestigial structure

Homologous: structures that share similar functions and come from a common ancestor (arms in mammals)

Analogous: structures that share the same function but arose separately (wings in birds/insects)

Vestigial: structures no longer used by an organism (hip bones in whales)

500

50 brown mice and 50 white mice are placed in a habitat with a brown dirt floor. Several hawks are also released into the habitat. What will happen to the populations of brown and white mice?

There will be more brown mice that survive because they blend into the environment. The white mice are more noticeable, and will be eaten by the hawks.