Psst, I see science
A hypothesis must be.....
testable
What is the difference between control and test groups in an experiment?
Control - is used as a comparison
Test - the group being manipulated
What is the green pigment inside the chloroplast that absorbs light for photosynthesis?
Chlorophyll
What is diffusion?
the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
What is the basic format for writing a hypothesis?
If....then....because....
Explain what makes an experiment controlled?
when only one variable is being manipulated
What is a difference between an observation and an inference?
Observation = Evidence
Inferences = Explanations
Where does cellular respiration take place and in what cells?
In the mitochondria
In all cells (with or without oxygen)
What is active transport?
movement across the membrane that requires energy
What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic?
Aerobic = requires oxygen
Anaerobic = doesn't require oxygen
What are the 4 rules of science?
1. rely on physical and measurable evidence
2. no moral and biased judgements
3. experiments and results must be repeatable
4. further test existing hypothesis
What is the difference between independent and dependent variables?
Independent variable: is the absence of a condition
Dependent variable: the part of the experiment that is being observed
What is photosynthesis?
the process by which the energy of sunlight converted into glucose
Who can cross a cell membrane? Why?
Small nonpolar molecules like oxygen and carbon dioxide
They can get through the hydrophobic interior of the cell membrane
What is a concentration gradient and how does it affect the movement of substances across a membrane?
The movement of substances causes equilibrium inside and outside the cell and there is no net movement
What are the 3 goals of science?
1. to make predictions about how nature works
2. to make observations of the natural and physical world
3. to understand nature through testable research and experimentation
What are constants in an experiment?
are all other variables that may affect the dependent variable
What is the formula for photosynthesis?
6CO2 +6H2O+ light -> C6H12O6 + 6O2
How do vesicles aid in the process of active transport?
Vesicles carry substances in and out the cell (exocytosis and endocytosis)
We can use Benedict's solution to determine the levels of glucose.
1. Which color is Benedict's solution?
2. Which color shows low amount of glucose?
3. Which color shows high amount of glucose?
1. Blue
2. Green
3. Orange-red
What are the 6 steps in the scientific method?
1. Make observations
2. Ask a question
3. Form a hypothesis
4. Test the hypothesis
5. Repeat
6. Analyze data and report results
What is the difference is between qualitative and quantitative observations?
Qualitative: describes qualities, color, texture
Quantitative: describes measurements, amounts, numbers
What is the function of cellular respiration?
it provides cells with the energy they need to function
What are the three types of passive transport?
Diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis
What is osmosis?
the diffusion of water across a membrane
(process where water molecules move from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration through a semipermeable membrane)