CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
This organelle produces energy for the cell.
What is the mitochondria?
This molecule stores energy in cells.
What is ATP?
Name ONE input of photosynthesis.
What is carbon dioxide / water / sunlight?
This group of organisms removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
What are producers?
DNA stands for this.
What is deoxyribonucleic acid?
Enzymes speed up reactions by lowering this.
What is activation energy?
Only about ___% of energy moves to the next trophic level.
What is 10%?
Succession that starts with soil already present.
What is secondary succession?
This structure controls what enters and leaves the cell.
What is the cell membrane?
ATP has (more / less) energy than ADP.
What is more?
Name ONE output of photosynthesis.
What is oxygen or glucose?
Burning fossil fuels does what to atmospheric carbon?
What is increases it?
DNA uses the base ___ instead of uracil.
What is thymine?
Too much heat causes enzymes to do this.
What is denature (change shape)?
Producers are found at the (top / bottom) of the pyramid.
What is bottom?
Succession that begins on bare rock.
What is primary succession?
This organelle makes proteins for the cell.
What are ribosomes?
Energy is transferred in cells by breaking and forming these.
What are chemical bonds?
This process removes carbon from the atmosphere.
What is photosynthesis?
Name one sphere involved in the carbon cycle.
What is the atmosphere / biosphere / hydrosphere / geosphere?
Codons code for these building blocks of proteins.
What are amino acids?
Enzymes are specific to this part of the molecule.
What is the substrate?
This term describes the maximum population an environment can support.
What is carrying capacity?
A stable, balanced ecosystem is called this.
What is a climax community?
This structure stores genetic information.
What is the nucleus?
This process releases energy from glucose.
What is cellular respiration?
This process releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
What is cellular respiration?
Why is the ocean considered a carbon sink?
What is because it absorbs COâ‚‚?
This RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome.
What is tRNA?
Enzymes are (used up / reusable).
What is reusable?
What happens when population density increases?
What is increased competition?
A forest fire is an example of this type of succession.
What is secondary succession?
Name TWO organelles and explain how they help maintain homeostasis.
Mitochondria – The mitochondria make energy for the cell. This energy helps the cell do its jobs and stay balanced.
Nucleus – The nucleus controls what the cell does. It tells the cell what proteins to make so the cell can respond to changes and stay stable.
Why can energy NOT be created or destroyed, only transferred?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed because it is conserved; it can only change forms or be transferred.
Energy cannot be created or destroyed because of the Law of Conservation of Energy.
This law states that the total amount of energy in the universe stays the same.
Instead of being made or disappearing, energy is transferred or transformed from one form to another.
Explain why plants are essential to both photosynthesis AND respiration.
Plants are essential because they make glucose and oxygen during photosynthesis and then use those same products for respiration to get energy.
Explain why understanding the carbon cycle helps scientists study climate change.
Understanding the carbon cycle helps scientists track carbon dioxide levels and explain how human activities increase greenhouse gases that cause climate change.
Describe the job of mRNA in protein synthesis.
mRNA carries genetic instructions from DNA to the ribosome so the correct protein can be made.
Explain how temperature affects enzyme activity.
As temperature increases, enzyme activity increases until it gets too hot. High temperatures cause enzymes to denature and stop working.
Explain why predators cannot have large populations.
Predators cannot have large populations because less energy is available at higher trophic levels and there is not enough prey to support many predators.
Describe how scientists know when a climax community is reached.
Scientists know a climax community is reached when the types of organisms and population sizes stay stable over time and the ecosystem can maintain balance.