Pathogens
These pathogens consist of genetic material surrounded by a protein shell called a capsid.
What is a virus?
Prokaryotes that cannot survive in the presence of oxygen are called this.
What are obligate anaerobes?
A protist is a ___________ that is not a plant, animal or fungus.
What is a Eukaryote?
True or false: A viral infection can be successfully treated with appropriately chosen antibiotics.
What is False?
This invertebrate phylum includes medusas (such as jellyfish) and polyps.
What is the Cnidaria?
Of the following, this is the smallest: eukaryotic cell, prokaryotic cell, virus, viroid, or prion
What is a prion?
This is a long, whip-like structure outside of the cell that is used for movement.
Animal-like protists are _________, because they cannot make their own food.
What are heterotrophs?
This is the name for a poison released by an organism.
What is a toxin?
Echinodermata includes animals that when adult are slow moving with this type of symmetry, though they have this type of symmetry in their larval stage.
What is radial symmetry and bilateral symmetry?
This is the name of a virus that infects bacteria.
What is a bacteriophage?
Prokaryotes do not have membrane-bound organelles, and so, do not have a nucleus containing double-stranded DNA. Instead, their DNA is in the form of a circle and is surrounded by the cytoplasm.
Prokaryotes may also have these small pieces of genetic material that can replicate separately from the prokaryotes main chromosome.
What is a plasmid?
Funguslike protists decompose dead organism like many fungi, but unlike fungi, fungus like protists can do this during part of their life cycle.
What is move?
This is the term for a genotype with two different alleles.
What is heterozygous?
This invertebrate phylum includes, trilobites, crustaceans, chelicerates (creatures with dagger-like mouth parts and no antennae like horseshoe crabs, spiders, mites, and scorpions), insects, centipedes and millipedes.
What is Arthropoda?
This pathogen can incubate for long periods with no effect on the host, but when symptoms do appear, they worsen quickly and are always fatal, because the body has no immune response to deal with these misfolding proteins.
What is a prion?
In unfavorable conditions, some bacteria can form one of these, which can allow the bacteria to survive drying out, temperature change, or disinfectants for centuries.
What is an endospore?
All animal-like protists, or protozoa, contain this number of cells.
What is one?
This is the term for how genes end up being expressed. Its etymologic root word comes from Greek for "show."
What is phenotype?
Roundworms are also known as these.
What are nematodes?
There are two general pathways of viral infection: lytic infection or lysogenic infection. In this pathway, the host cell bursts, releasing new viral offspring into the host's system
What is a lytic infection?
Multi-drug resistant "super-bugs" are nearly impossible to effectively treat. Bacteria can acquire genes for drug resistance to through plasmid exchange.
There are three main ways this can occur: Overuse of antibiotics (for example prescribing them when a bacterial pathogen is not causing illness), Underuse of antibiotics (not taking a full course of antibiotics leaving only those with resistance alive), and this ____________ (like when antibiotics are used to increase the growth rate of healthy animals.)
What is misuse?
This is the informal name for photosynthetic plantlike protists.
What is algae?
Fungal cell walls are made of this tough polysaccharide that can also be found in the shells of insects and their close relatives.
What is chitin?
This phylum contains gastropods (like snails), pelecypods/bivalves (like clams), and cephalopods (like squids).
What is Mollusca?