Characteristics of Life
This is the smallest unit of life, found in all organisms
What is a cell?
Made of simple sugars; strung together, they make disaccharides and polysaccharides
What are carbohydrates?
This organelle is responsible for synthesizing ATP in cells and is the powerhouse of the cell
What is the mitochondria?
Naturally, molecules move in this direction when they diffuse
What is from high to low concentration?
This organelle is responsible for converting sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water into sugar molecules
What are chloroplasts?
A cell spends most of its life in this phase
What is interphase?
Living organisms can create more of themselves through this process
What is reproduction?
Make of glycerol backbones and fatty acids, there are many categories of this energy-storing macromolecule
What are lipids?
These organelles are responsible for storing genetic information and synthesize proteins (name 1)
What are the nucleus, ribosomes, or the rough ER?
This type of membrane transport does not require energy of the cell, and the second type DOES require cell energy
What is passive transport and active transport?
These are the two parts of the photosynthesis process, the first taking place in the thylakoid and the second taking place in the stroma
What are the light dependent and light independent reactions?
These are the steps of mitosis, in order
What are (interphase), prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis?
Living organisms don't necessarily stay the same size or maintain the same characteristics; instead, they can do these two things
What are grow and develop?
Strings of amino acids make up these functional and structural macromolecules
What are proteins?
These organelles are responsible for providing support and structure to the cell (name 1)
What are the cell membrane, the cytoskeleton, or the large central vacuole in plants?
These are examples of cell membrane transport that requires no energy (name 1)
What are simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, or osmosis?
These are the four steps of aerobic respiration, in order
What are glycolysis, pyruvic oxidation, the Krebs Cycle, and the electron transport chain?
During this stage of mitosis, DNA is pulled to either pole of the cell, away from the equator
Organisms break down molecules and build up new ones, and these processes requires energy
What is metabolism?
What are nucleic acids?
These organelle break down and digest molecules for the cell
What are lysosomes?
These are examples of cell membrane transport that DOES require energy (name 1)
What are ion pumps or vesicle transport?
In anaerobic respiration, including lactic acid or alcohol fermentation, the 2 ATP are produced during this step
What is glycolysis?
During DNA replication, these two enzymes are responsible for unzipping the DNA and preparing the DNA to be copied
What are DNA helicase and primase?
Organisms keep a stable internal environment, using negative and positive feedback loops
What is homeostasis?
This is the cell-currency molecule, with a high-energy bond between its second and third phosphorous-based molecule
What is ATP (adenosine triphosphate)?
This organelle helps package molecules to ship around or out of the cell
What is the Golgi apparatus?
Molecules diffuse through these structures in the cell membrane
What are protein channels?
These are examples of high-energy molecules known as electron carriers, which run electron transport chains and power the Calvin Cycle (name one)
What are NADH, NAPDH, or FADH2?
During DNA replication, these two enzymes are responsible for synthesizing the complementary DNA strand and for gluing together any fragments
What are DNA polymerase and DNA ligase?
FINAL JEOPARDY: This is the direction in which DNA is replicated.
What is 5' to 3'?