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Scientsist and Their Discoveries
Experiments and Biology in the 21st Century
Miscellaneous
Genotypes/Phenotypes
Random
100
What is the key factor in the success of Mendel's experiments?
He started with self pollinating plants.
100
Scientists use observations and data to form and test...
hypotheses
100
What happens during transcription?
Copies DNA to create/ make RNA
100
Which is the dominant allele? T or t?
T
100
What is the main function of ATP?
supplying needed energy for the cell's synthesis processes
200
The DNA double helix model used today is the product of research done by scientists?
Watson and Crick
200
Which phrase best describes scientific theories: a.) explain few observations b.) serve as speculations c.)are never proven d.)cannot be replaced
C.) are never proven
200
What is the term for the sections of RNA that are spliced together during processing?
Exons
200
Define recessive allele
An allele that is masked by a dominant allele, but when paired with another is expressed.
200
What type of reaction is the Calvin Cycle?
Light-Independent
300
Which observation of dihybrid crosses led to Mendel's law of independent assortment?
The presence of one trait did not affect the presence of the other.
300
What are all the chemical proccesses used to build up or break down materials are called an organisms...
metabolism
300
Identify the function of cholesterol, proteins and carbohydrates in the cell membrane.
Cholesterol strengthens the cell membrane Proteins help materials cross the membrane and are also part of the cytoskeleton Carbohydrates help identify the cell type
300
What is the genotypic ratio in the cross between two heterozygous parents?
1:2:1
300
What is the job of the vacuole?
Storage & digestion and waste removal
400
Which scientist used chemical analysis to show that the gentic material in bacteria is DNA?
Oswald Avery.
400
What is the difference between independent and dependent variables? Provide an example
An independent variable is the variable that is changed in a scientific experiment to test the effects on the dependent variable. A dependent variable is the variable being tested in a scientific experiment. The dependent variable is 'dependent' on the independent variable. As the experimenter changes the independent variable, the change in the dependent variable is observed and recorded. An example is, a scientist wants to see if the brightness of light has any effect on a moth being attracted to the light. How bright the light is is controlled by the scientist. This would be the independent variable. How the moth reacts to the different light levels would be the dependent variable.
400
Describe the difference between hypertonic and isotonic
hypertonic is water fearing- solution has higher concentration of dissolved particles that a cell this means water concentration is higher inside the cell than outside. Isotonic to a cell if it has the same concentration of dissolved particles the cell water molecules move into and out of the cell at an equal rate so the cells size remains constant.
400
Define Dihybrid Cross
Cross between first generation offspring of two individuals that differ in two traits
400
Starting with organelles list the stages of organization up to Biomes
organelles-->cells-->tissue-->organs-->organ systems-->organisms-->population-->community-->ecosystem-->biome
500
In the Galapagos Islands, Charles Darwin saw different species of finches on different islands. This led him to theorize that species...
Can adapt to their enviorment
500
How have computer models expanded biological research?
They stimulate complex biological systems that cannot be studied directly
500
Name five organelles in a cell and their functions
Mitochondria-energy to the cell Nucleus-Holds all the genetic information Chlorophyll- gives a backbone or structure to the cell Chloroplast- are the food producers of the cell. They are only found in plant cells and some protists. They are where photosynthesis takes place. he Golgi apparatus or Golgi complex is found in most cells. It is another packaging organelle like the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
500
What is the difference between phenotype and genotype?
phenotype-phsyical appearance genotype-alleles or genes expressed
500
Define Diffusion
substances that move across the plasma membrane in cells