Immune system 1
................... An organism that can be seen only through a microscope
Microorganism
How do bacteria become resistant to antibiotics?
natural selection and mutation
Where does glycolysis takes place?
Cytoplasm
A population is correctly defined as having which of the following characteristics?
I. inhabiting the same general area
II. individuals belonging to the same species
III. possessing a constant and uniform density and dispersion
A) I only
B) III only
C) I and II only
D) II and III only
E) I, II, and III
C) I and II only
Where does the Calvin cycle take place?
stroma of the chloroplast
..................... is a substance that can kill or inhibit the growth of other microorganisms like bacteria
Antibiotic
Glands in the stomach release ................... to kill pathogens in or on food
hydrochloric acid “ HCL
The oxygen consumed during cellular respiration is involved directly in which process or event?
A) glycolysis
B) accepting electrons at the end of the electron transport chain
C) the citric acid cycle
D) the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA
E) the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP
B) accepting electrons at the end of the electron transport chain
The most common kind of dispersion in nature is
A) clumped.
B) random.
C) uniform.
A) clumped.
Which of the following are products of the light reactions of photosynthesis that are utilized in the Calvin cycle?
A) CO2 and glucose
B) H2O and O2
C) ADP, Pi, and NADP+
D) electrons and H+
E) ATP and NADPH
E) ATP and NADPH
Which of the following differentiates T cells and B cells?
A) T cells but not B cells are stimulated to increase the rate of their cell cycles.
B) Only B cells are produced from stem cells of the bone marrow.
C) T cells but not B cells can directly attack and destroy invading pathogens.
D) T cells but not B cells have surface markers.
C) T cells but not B cells can directly attack and destroy invading pathogens.
...................... interact together, bind to a microbial membrane, open pores in it membrane through which fluids move inside, causing the cell to burst and die
Complement proteins
Starting with one molecule of glucose, the ʺnetʺ products of glycolysis are
A) 2 NAD+, , 2 pyruvate, 2 ATP .
B) 2 NADH, 2 pyruvate, 2 ATP,.
C) 2 FADH2, 2 pyruvate, 4 ATP, and 2 H2O.
D) 6 CO2, 6 H2O, 2 ATP, and 2 pyruvate.
E) 6 CO2, 6 H2O, 36 ATP, and 2 citrate
2 NADH, 2 pyruvate, 2 ATP
An ecologist recorded 12 white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus, per square mile in one woodlot and 20 per square mile on another woodlot. What was the ecologist comparing?
Desnsity
In a plant cell, where are the ATP synthase complexes located?
A) thylakoid membrane
B) plasma membrane
C) inner mitochondrial membrane
D) A and C
E) A, B, and C
D) A and C
A patient can produce antibodies against some bacterial pathogens, but he does not produce antibodies against viral infections. This is probably due to a disorder in which cells of the immune system?
T cell
........................ is the site of maturation of T cell
Thymus gland
In the presence of oxygen, the three-carbon compound pyruvate can be catabolized in the citric acid cycle. First, however, the pyruvate 1) loses a carbon, which is given off as a molecule of CO2, 2) is oxidized to form a two-carbon compound called acetate, and 3) is bonded to coenzyme A.
These three steps result in the formation of
A) acetyl CoA, O2, and ATP.
B) acetyl CoA, FADH2, and CO2.
C) acetyl CoA, FAD, H2, and CO2.
D) acetyl CoA, NADH and CO2.
E) acetyl CoA, NAD+, ATP, and CO2
D) acetyl CoA, NADH and CO2.
Which of the following statements about the evolution of life histories is correct?
A) Stable environments with limited resources favor r-selected populations.
B) K-selected populations are most often found in environments where density-independent factors are important regulators of population size.
C) Most populations have both r- and K-selected characteristics that vary under different environmental conditions.
D) The reproductive efforts of r-selected populations are directed at producing just a few offspring with good competitive abilities.
E) K-selected populations rarely approach carrying capacity
C) Most populations have both r- and K-selected characteristics that vary under different environmental conditions.
Assume a thylakoid is somehow punctured so that the interior of the thylakoid is no longer separated from the stroma. This damage will have the most direct effect on which of the following processes?
A) the splitting of water
B) the absorption of light energy by chlorophyll
C) the flow of electrons from photosystem II to photosystem I
D) the synthesis of ATP
E) the reduction of NADP+
D) the synthesis of ATP
Some pathogens can undergo rapid changes resulting in antigenic variation. Which of the following is such a pathogen?
A) the influenza virus, which expresses alternative envelope proteins
B) the strep bacteria, which can be communicated from patient to patient with high efficiency
C) human papilloma virus, that can remain latent for several years
D) the causative agent of an autoimmune disease such as rheumatoid arthritis
E) multiple sclerosis, that attacks the myelinated cells of the nervous system
A) the influenza virus, which expresses alternative envelope proteins
A patient reports severe symptoms of watery, itchy eyes and sneezing after being given a flower bouquet as a birthday gift. A reasonable initial treatment would involve the use of .....................
antihistamines
Each time a molecule of glucose (C6H12O6) is completely oxidized via aerobic respiration, how many oxygen molecules (O2) are required?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 6
D) 12
E) 38
C) 6
During the spring, you are studying the mice that live in a field near your home. There are lots of mice in this field, but you realize that you rarely observe any reproductive females. This most likely indicates A) that there is selective predation on female mice. B) that female mice die before reproducing.
C) that this habitat is a good place for mice to reproduce.
D) that you are observing immigrant mice.
E) that the breeding season is over
D) that you are observing immigrant mice
Some photosynthetic bacteria (e.g., purple sulfur bacteria) have photosystem I but not II, while others (e.g. cyanobacteria) have both PSI and PSII. Which of the following might this observation imply?
Photosystem I appeared first the photosystem 2