DNA 101
From Gene to Protein
Translation Station
Mutations and Mayhem
Base Pairs and Codes
100

One unit consists of a ribose sugar, phosphate and base

What is a nucleotide?

100

Site of protein synthesis

What are ribosomes

100

RNA types involved in protein synthesis (full names)

What are messenger RNA and transfer RNA?

mRNA and tRNA

100

Occurs as a result of mutations, crossing over, independent assortment, random segregation, fertilisation.

What are variations?

100

The basic three-nucleotide unit (sequence) of the genetic code

What are codons?

200

Coding segments of eukaryotic DNA

What are Exons?

200

A segment of DNA on a chomosome that codes for specific trait

What is a gene?

200

Formed during translation

What is a polypeptide?

200

Small rings of DNA found naturally in some bacterial cells in addition to the main bacterial chromosome.

What are Plasmids?

200

AUG (Met)

What is the starting codon?

300

Unspecialized cells that are able to renew themselves for long periods of time by cell division.

Waht are Stem Cells?

300

Different versions of a gene.

What are alleles?

300

Specific region of a gene where RNA polymerase can bind and begin transcription.

What is the Promoter region?

300

An error in DNA replication. A point mutation in a segment of DNA that occurs in more than 1% of the population.

What is a Single Nucleotide Polymorphism? (SNPs)

300

The four bases

What are Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine and Guanine?

400

The joining of 2 or more tertiary subunits

What are Quartenary protein structures? 

400

A specific place along the length of a chromosome where a given gene is located.

What is a Locus?

400

The strand of DNA that is not used for transcription and is identical in sequence to mRNA, except it contains uracil instead of thymine.

What is the Coding Strand?

400

The study of environmental influences on gene expression that occur without a DNA change.

What is Epigenetics?

400

UGA, UAA, and UAG

What are the Stop codons?

500

Enzyme similar to DNA polymerase that binds to DNA and separates the DNA strands during transcription

What is RNA polymerase?

500

Long chains of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds

What are polypeptide chains?

500

Collection of proteins that mediate the binding of RNA polymerase and the initiation of transcription.

WHat are Transcription Factors?

500

What is a substitution mutation?

This type of mutation replaces on enucleotide with another.

500

What is Adenine?

This base pair always pairs with Thymine in DNA.