Humans vs. Bacteria
A disease-causing organism such as bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites.
What is a pathogen?
The process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.
What is natural selection?
Which of the following is a nonspecific defense?
A) Antibodies
b) Skin
c) Memory cells
d) Vaccines
SKIN!
A visual representation of data points connected by lines, used to show how a variable changes over time.
What is a line graph?
This complex network in our body helps us fight infections/diseases from pathogens or harmful substances.
What is the immune system.
How does genetic variation benefit a species in terms of survival?
Genetic variation benefits a species by providing the raw material for adaptation, allowing some individuals to survive new threats like diseases or climate change, ensuring the population's long-term survival and evolution, and preventing inbreeding depression, which boosts overall fitness and resilience. A diverse gene pool means a greater chance that some members possess advantageous traits, making the whole species less vulnerable to extinction!
In a habitat there are red bugs and green bugs. The birds prefer the taste of the red bugs, so soon there are many green bugs and few red bugs. The green bugs reproduce and make more bugs and eventually there are no more red bugs. What is this an example of?
What is an example of natural Selection?
The process by which living organisms maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in their external surroundings.
What is homeostasis?
A factor or condition that remains unchanged throughout an experiment.
What is a constant (or controlled variable)?
A system of blood vessels and the heart that move blood throughout the body. It delivers oxygen and nutrients to cells and remove waste products.
What is the circulatory system?
Drugs that kill or prevents the growth of bacteria.
What are antibiotics?
What is a change or difference in offspring called?
What is a variation?
A self-regulating system within an organism essentially acting as a loop to maintain a stable internal environment (homeostasis) by responding to changes and adjusting accordingly.
What is a feedback mechanism?
The variable that is measured and or observed in an experiment. For example, we may be measuring growth of a plant.
What is the dependent variable?
Cells of the immune system that produce antibodies and engulf pathogens to fight infections.
What are white blood cells?
An injection of a dead/weakened pathogen that increases antibody production and in turn increases the ability of our immune system to fight off that certain pathogen in the future. Provides immunity.
What is a vaccine?
A change is a a DNA sequence that affect the variation of an organism giving that organism either a disadvantage or an advantage in its environment.
What is a mutation?
This is a product of anaerobic respiration (fermentation) in muscle cells when they break down carbohydrates for energy in the absence of oxygen, resulting in muscle fatigue.
What is lactic acid?
The factor that a researcher intentionally manipulates (changes) in an experiment to observe the effects on another variable.
What the independent variable?
A network of nerve cells including the brain and spinal cord that controls and coordinates many of the body's functions, including movement, breathing, and thought. Assists in maintaining homeostasis.
What is the nervous system?
The process that occurs causing antibiotic resistant bacteria to increase in a population due to the overuse of antibiotics. The resistant bacteria survive, reproduce, and pass the trait on to their offspring.
What is natural selection?
Can an organism "CHOOSE" to evolve and change?
No, organisms CANNOT CHOOSE to change their genes or traits!
Name factors that increase disease transmission
High population density, Global travel, low sanitation standards, not using PPE!
A group of subjects in the experiment that are not exposed to the experimental treatment, serving as a baseline for comparison against the group that is receiving the treatment.
What is the control group?
This system composed of glands which secrete hormones into the bloodstream and regulate body functions such as growth, reproduction, and overall metabolism. Assists in maintaining homeostasis.
What is the endocrine system?