Snail king
What is the cells theory
What are the properties of life
1. Hierarchical organization 2. Evolutionary adaption 3. Reproduction 4. Growth and development 5. Chemical uniqueness 6. metabolism 7. environmental interaction 8. homeostasis
What are the steps for muscle movement
1. muscle fibers called sarcomeres contain actin and myosin
2. muscle contracts when the filaments slide past each other. Stimulated when Ca ions are released by nerve impulses
3. troponin units on actin bound to ca, displacing tropomyosin to expose myosin binding sites .... finish
Explain top-down and bottom- up trophic cascades
top-down: predation controls the bottom community
bottom-up: nutrients or plants control upper community
Darwin's theories and inferences
1. organism have various inheritable characteristics
2. more organism are born that can survive
3. organism suit their environment
1. best suited to their environment = more likely to survive & reproduce
2. overtime individuals will have advantageous traits
what are the three means of preserving endangered species
1.Restoration 2. Conservation 3. Biodiversity hotspots
What is resource partitioning?
Allopatric- when a species divide a niche to avoid competing for resources
(can be between same or different species)
sympatric- emergence of a new species when a population is isolated
What is the developmental processes of animals
1. zygote forms and cleavage occurs which rapidly divides cells. Gastrulation forms germ layers. morphogenesis decides cell fate. embryo continues to grow.
What is population growth and what does it influence
Population growth is how the size of a population changes over time. Emigration, immigration, birth, death, and limiting resources affect it.
Compare asexual vs sexual benefits & tradeoffs.
Asexual disadvantages are that is less diverse offspring
Advantages are more fecund, favorable is stable environments.
Sexual benefits: genetic diversity, more resilient Disadvantages: are more time and energy needed, more complicated, more female investment.
Asexual disadvantages: less diverse offspring Advantages are more fecund, favorable is stable environments.
what the the ways animals naturally find their home?
1. Tracking their position relative to the sun 2. Adjusting for changes by means of circadian clock 3. Sensing their position relative to earth’s magnetic field.
Fundamental and realized niche
fundamental- where it can live
realized- where it does live
How do plants protect themselves?
physical: dermal tissue, thorns (stem), spines (leaves)
chemical: toxins, growth regulators, digestion inhibitors, repellants
animals
What are the mechanisms used to make phylogenetic trees
comparative cytology (comparing cells)
comparative biochemistry (comparing proteins and nucleic acids)
comparative morphology
Seed functions
- provide dormant phrase
-provide food and protection for embryo
- provide dispersal
What are the evidence for endosymbiosis
Reproduce through Binary fission
Have their own DNA
Have double membranes
Konrad Lorenz
Niko Tinbergen
Karl Von Frisch
studied animal imprinting
studied innate behaviors and evolutionary adaptations of animals
Discovered honey bees waggle dance language
How do animals protect themeselves
chemically: monarchs eating milkweed which is highly toxin to many other animals besides monarchs.
through cryptic and aposematic coloration.
Lastly through mimicry: Mullerian and batesian.
the 3 domains of life and and their charateristics
Archaea - histones, intones, circular DNA, no peptidoglycan, no nucleus
Eukarya- nucleus with membrane bound organelles
explain the different plants' gametophyte and sporophyte relationship
Non vascular: dominant gametophyte and reduced dependent sporophyte
Seedless: dominant sporophyte Independent gametophyte
Seed plants: dominant sporophyte dependent gametophyte
What contributed to the Cambrian Explosion?
1. major evolutionary adaptations
2. increase in 02 by cyanobacteria
3. coevolution made species move to land
Provide an overview of our immune system
for: defense against infection & cancer
3 types: integumentary (skin and mucous)
innate(recognition proteins in pathogens)
adaptive (past invaders recognition)
Why is sexual selection practiced and its effects
organisms choose the best individual to mate with in order to produce the most fit offspring. To increase survival rates and more adaptations
practiced: sexual dimorphism and secondary sexual characteristics.
What are viruses and prions
Viruses are parasitic chemical on "borrowed life" Require a host cell to reproduce. Genetic material wrapped in protein shell
Prions are proteinaceous infectious particles that induce an abnormal folding of our protein prions found abundant in our brains
plants are made out of
air