DNA
This is the shape of DNA.
double helix
The different forms of a gene
Allele
The 4 nitrogenous bases of an RNA molecule include....
adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil
The process in which DNA is used to make an mRNA strand.
transcription
In what organelle is mRNA read and the protein synthesized?
What is " the ribosome?"
What percent of energy is passed on to each trophic level?
Around 10%
What happens to a population size if resources are depleted.
The population size decreases.
A sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base make up a_______.
nucleotide
The principle of independent assortment states:
alleles for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes
True or False
DNA and RNA are both nucleic acids.
True
The site where mRNA is created from the DNA sequence that will code for a specific trait.
nucleus
This type of RNA transfers the appropriate amino acid.
What is tRNA?
A complex feeding relationship from producers to consumers.
Food Web
What factors affect population size? Mention 1 for growth and 1 for decline.
Growth: births, immigration
Decline: deaths, emmigration
The 4 nitrogenous bases of a DNA molecule include...
adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine
A tall plant (TT) is crossed with a short plant (tt). What are the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring?
Tt (all tall)
Name the three different types of RNA
messenger RNA (mRNA)
transfer RNA (tRNA)
ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Provide the missing information
DNA: CTA
mRNA:
GAU
These three nitrogen bases are complimentary to the mRNA codons during translation.
What is the "anticodon."
Omnivores feed on
Producers and Consumers.
Mention the 3 types of population distribution patterns.
random, clustered, uniform
This is the bond that connects nitrogenous bases of DNA in the rungs of the ladder.
hydrogen bonds
What is the Principle of Dominance?
It states that some alleles are dominant and other are recessive.
True or False
mRNA can't leave the nucleus because it's too big.
False
The secondary process of protein synthesis in which mRNA is used to produce proteins is known as ______.
translation
A group of three bases on mRNA that determine a specific amino acid is called a ________
What is a "codon?"
Autotrophs can capture energy from 2 sources:
light or chemical sources in the environment
What is the maximum number of individuals in an environment?
Carrying capacity
This is small subunits that compose molecules of DNA & RNA.
nucleotide
What is the meaning of true-breeding?
A true breeding is a kind of breeding wherein the parents would produce offspring that would carry the same phenotype.
An RNA strand is AUG-CUA-CCG. What would be the resulting anticodons in tRNA?
UAC-GAU-GGC
DNA: CAT-GTA-CCG.
What is the complementary mRNA strand?
GUA-CAU-GGC
The type of RNA that carries the message from the nucleus to the ribosome
What is mRNA?
The total amount of living tissue within a given trophic level
biomass
Reproduction without limits in resources results in _______________ growth in a population.
Exponential
This is the sugar found in DNA.
deoxyribose
Explain how a trait might seem to “disappear” for a generation, and then “reappear” in the following generation.
If an organism is heterozygous for a trait, it carries the allele for the recessive trait and does not show it in the phenotype. It may show in a later generation if an idividual inherits both alleles for the recessive trait.
List 3 differences between a DNA & RNA molecule.
DNA is double stranded; RNA is single
N. Bases for DNA: A, C, G, T; RNA: A, U, C, G
DNA has a deoxyribose sugar; RNA: ribose sugar
DNA has the genetic code; RNA uses DNA to carry the message.
DNA can't leave the nucleus; RNA has to leave the nucleus
The sequence of bases on mRNA that indicates the beginning of the protein building instructions?
What is the START codon - methionine AUG
This is the name of the strand that is created from the DNA template for protein synthesis.
What is the mRNA?
Organisms that break down organic matter and return it to the environment are called
decomposers
What happens if a population grows larger than the carrying capacity of the environment?
Death rate may rise.
During the formation of new strands of DNA, this enzyme adds new nucleotides to the growing strand.
DNA Polymerase
How many different allele combinations would be found in the gametes produced by a pea plant whose genotype was RrYY?
RY, RY
rY, rY
So 2 different ones
This nucleic acid can be found inside and outside of the nucleus.
What is RNA?
Ribosomes read the mRNA strand _____ codon at a time. Each codon is made of ______ nitrogen bases.
1 and 3
This enzyme binds to the promotor site on the DNA strands and adds the complimentary bases to form the mRNA strand.
What is RNA polymerase?
What is population density?
number of individuals in a population divided by the total area
What factors (density-dependent or density-independent) affect a population size regardless of population density.
Density-independent
Due to the base-pairing rule, what percent of cytosine would be present if there is 30% guanine?
What is 30%
How many different allele combinations would be found in the gametes produced by a pea plant whose genotype was BbWw?
Bw, BW, bW, bw
This long chain of amino acids is called becomes a ______________.
What is protein?
A ribosome will continue to create a protein until it encounters a _________ ________.
Stop Codon
tRNA brings the correct _____________________ back to the ribosome.
What is amino acid.
What are the three kinds of ecological pyramids?
energy, biomass, and numbers
Compare and contrast the graph of exponential growth to the graph of logistic growth. You may use drawings.
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