Macromolecules and Enzymes
What are the four major types of macromolecules in living organisms?
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic acids
What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells do.
The part of the microscope you look through.
What is the eyepiece (ocular lens)?
This process is how plants make their own food.
What is photosynthesis?
The first step of the scientific method.
What is asking a question or making an observation?
What is the main function of enzymes in biological systems?
Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed for the reaction to occur.
Give two examples of prokaryotic organisms
Bacteria and archaea
Used to hold a specimen under a microscope.
What is a slide?
The process of breaking down food to release energy.
What is respiration?
A testable statement based on observations.
What is a hypothesis?
What type of macromolecule are enzymes?
Enzymes are proteins.
Where is the DNA located in prokaryotic cells?
In the cytoplasm
This type of microscope uses electrons instead of light.
What is an electron microscope?
The removal of waste from an organism’s body.
What is excretion?
The variable that is changed in an experiment.
What is the independent variable?
What happens to an enzyme after a reaction?
It remains unchanged and can be reused for the same reaction with new substrate molecules.
This region in a prokaryotic cell holds DNA.
The nucleoid.
Total magnification is calculated by multiplying this with the eyepiece.
What is the objective lens?
The ability to respond to the environment.
What is sensitivity?
A group used for comparison in an experiment.
What is the control group?
How does temperature affect enzyme activity?
Enzyme activity increases with temperature up to a certain point, but too much heat can denature (unfold and deactivate) the enzyme.
Organisms in this kingdom are made of eukaryotic cells.
Animals/Plants/Fungi/ protists
(Any correct eukaryotic group)
Used to separate components of cells by spinning.
What is a centrifuge?
The process by which organisms increase in size and complexity.
What is growth and development?
This is drawn after analyzing data in an experiment.
What is a conclusion?