Cell Biology Basics
This structure controls what enters and leaves the cell.
The cell membrane.
This molecule carries the genetic information in most living organisms.
DNA
This process allows plants to produce glucose using light energy.
Photosynthesis
This scientist proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection.
Charles Darwin
This system includes the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.
Nervous system
These organelles are known as the “powerhouses” of the cell.
Mitochondria
This part of the cell contains the chromosomes in eukaryotic cells.
Nucleus
This pigment absorbs light energy for photosynthesis in plants.
Chlorophyll
This type of species plays a crucial role in maintaining the structure of an ecosystem, often by influencing the abundance of other species.
Keystone species
This large organ removes toxins from the blood.
The liver
This process results in two genetically identical daughter cells.
Mitosis
This scientist is known as the “father of genetics” because of his pea plant experiments.
Gregor Mendel
This molecule is the main energy carrier in cells.
ATP
This term describes a trait that increases an organism’s chances of survival and reproduction.
An adaptation
These cells in the blood help fighting infections.
White blood cells (or leukocytes)
Name one key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells related to genetic material.
Eukaryotes have a nucleus while prokaryotes do not.
This process copies DNA before cell division takes place.
DNA replication
These proteins speed up chemical reactions in the cell without being used up.
Enzymes
Two species cannot occupy the exact same niche in the same habitat for long; this principle is called:
Competitive exclusion principle
This gland produces insulin, which regulates blood sugar levels.
The pancreas
During this phase of mitosis, chromosomes line up at the equatorial plane of the cell.
Metaphase
A version of a gene that leads to different traits (for example, eye color) is called:
Allele
This step of photosynthesis does not require light directly.
The Calvin Cycle
When one species splits into two separate species over time, this process occurs.
Speciation
This system includes the adrenal glands, thyroid, and pancreas, and regulates body functions with chemical messengers.
The endocrine system