Cell Structure
This organelle is the “powerhouse” of the cell
What is the mitochondrion?
This is the energy required to start a chemical reaction.
What is activation energy?
Different forms of a gene are called this
What are alleles?
This nitrogenous base is found in RNA but not DNA
What is uracil?
Only about this percentage of energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next.
What is 10%?
This structure controls what enters and leaves the cell.
What is the cell membrane?
Enzymes lower activation energy but do not change this value for a reaction.
What is ΔG (free energy change)?
A point mutation that changes one amino acid in a protein is called this type of mutation.
What is a missense mutation?
The process of making RNA from DNA is called this.
What is transcription?
When a population reaches the maximum number an environment can sustain long term, it has reached this
What is carrying capacity?
This organelle modifies and packages proteins for secretion.
What is the Golgi apparatus?
This constant represents the substrate concentration at which the reaction rate is half of Vmax.
What is Km?
This law states that alleles separate during gamete formation.
What is the Law of Segregation?
This DNA strand runs 3′ → 5′ toward the replication fork and is synthesized continuously.
What is the leading strand?
A population of deer grows rapidly after being introduced to a new area with no predators; this type of growth curve is occurring.
What is exponential growth?
This network of protein fibers gives the cell shape and allows movement.
What is the cytoskeleton?
This type of inhibition decreases Vmax but does not change Km
What is noncompetitive inhibition?
When one gene masks the expression of another gene at a different locus, this interaction is occurring.
Question: What is epistasis?
This enzyme relieves supercoiling tension ahead of the replication fork
What is topoisomerase?
If a predator population increases after an increase in prey population, this type of ecological interaction is demonstrated
What is a predator–prey relationship?
This membrane-bound transport process requires ATP and moves large materials into the cell.
What is endocytosis?
Enzymes increase reaction rate primarily by stabilizing this structure along the reaction pathway.
What is the transition state?
When allele frequencies change due to random chance rather than natural selection, especially in small populations, this process is occurring.
What is genetic drift?
In gel electrophoresis, smaller DNA fragments move in this direction relative to larger ones.
What is farther toward the positive electrode?
A species that has a disproportionately large impact on ecosystem structure relative to its abundance is called this.
What is a keystone species?