DNA and RNA Structure
this sugar is found in RNA but not DNA
what is ribose?
During DNA replication, the two strands of DNA first do this before new strands can form
What is unwind (or separate/unzip)?
These proteins speed up chemical reactions in cells.
What are enzymes?
A mutation is a change in this molecule that carries genetic information
What is DNA?
This type of cell division produces gametes
What is meiosis?
this nitrogenous base is found in DNA but replaced by uracil in RNA
What is uracil?
This enzyme "unzips" the DNA double helix
What is helicase?
The substance an enzyme act on is called this
What is a substrate?
A mutation that affects only one nucleotide is called this type of mutation
What is a point mutation?
The number of chromosomes in gametes is described as this.
What is haploid?
DNA's structure is commonly described by this two-word term referring to its twisted ladder shape
What is a double helix?
This enzyme adds new nucleotides to build a new DNA strand
What is DNA polymerase?
This part of the anyone is where the substrate binds
What is the active site?
This type of mutation occurs when a base is added or deleted, shifting the reading frame
What is a frame shift mutation?
This process, occurring in prophase l, involves homologous chromosomes exchanging genetic material
What is crossing over?
These are the complementary base pairs in DNA
What are adenine with thymine and cytosine with guanine?
DNA replication is described as this because each new molecule has one old strands and one new strands.
What is semi conservative
This happens to an enzyme when temperature or pH changes too much and it loses its shape
What is denaturation
A mutation that does not change the amino acid sequence is called this.
What is a silent mutation?
This is when homologous chromosomes separate during meiosis l.
What is disjunction?
This type of bond holds the two strands of DNA together between complementary bases.
What are hydrogen bonds?
These short segments are formed on the lagging strand during replication
What are Okazaki fragments?
This model describes how the enzyme changes shape slightly to fit the substrate
What is the induced fit model?
This type of mutation results in a completely different amino acid sequence after the mutation point.
What is a frame shift mutation?
This error in meiosis results in gametes with too many or too few chromosomes
What is nondisjunction?