Cellular reproduction
The final stage of mitosis is....
telophase
This term describes different forms of the same gene.
These are pairs of chromosomes that carry the same genes but may have different alleles.
homologous chromosomes
This stage of cellular respiration occurs in the cytoplasm and does not require oxygen.
glycolysis
This molecule carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome.
At what stage of mitosis does the nuclear envelope break down?
prophase
An organism with two identical alleles for a trait is described as this.
Homozygous
This law states that allele pairs separate during gamete formation.
The Law of Segregation
Final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain
O2
This three-base sequence on mRNA codes for an amino acid.
codon
During the formation of gametes in Meiosis, the way one pair of homologous chromosomes separates does not influence how another pair separates. What does this describe?
Law of independent assortment
This Punnett square ratio is expected from a heterozygous monohybrid cross.
3:1 ratio
This term describes genes located close together on the same chromosome.
linked genes
What is the name of the process in which protons move down their concentration gradient through the ATP synthase?
Chemiosmosis
This enzyme is responsible for relieving torsional strain (supercoiling) in DNA.
Topoisomerase
Homologous chromosomes align parallel to each other and form tetrads in a process called ________ They then ________ exchanging segments of DNA. This all occurs in _________ of meiosis.
Synapsis, crossing over, Prophase 1
This pattern of inheritance occurs when both alleles are fully expressed in a heterozygote.
codominance
This percentage of recombination suggests genes are assorting independently.
50% recombination frequency
When one acetyl-CoA enters the Krebs Cycle, it produces......
What direction is the leading strand synthesized in
5' to 3' towards the replication fork
What is the role of spindle fibers in meiosis 1 and 2
To separate homologous chromosomes in meiosis 1 and sister chromatids in meiosis 2
A cross results in a 1:1 phenotypic ratio. This type of cross and parental genotype combination explains that result.
A cross between a heterozygous pair and a homozygous recessive pair Aa x aa
In mammalian females, what is the name of what the inactive X chromosome condenses into?
Barr body
What is substrate phosphorylation? And where does it occur?
Substrate phosphorylation is the direct formation of ATP by transferring a phosphate group from a high-energy substrate molecule to ADP.
glycolysis and Krebs cycle
What is the discontinuous strand of DNA being synthesized called?
Lagging strand