Genetics
what are the four nitrogenous bases that make up the backbone of DNA? (Abbreviations accepted)
Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine, and Adenine
This naturalist proposed evolution by natural selection and wrote On the Origin of Species.
Charles Darwin
the type of chemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons equally.
Covalent Bond; Nonpolar covalent bond.
At the lowest level of taxonomic ranks, what are the Three domains of life?
Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya
What is the "powerhouse" of the cell?
Mitochondria
this nitrogenous base pairs with guanine in a double stranded DNA molecule via 3 hydrogen bonds.
Cytosine; C
This monk studied pea plants and discovered basic patterns of inheritance.
Gregor Mendel
this molecule is the primary molecule that cells use to store, transport, and spend energy. and is abbreviated into 3 letters.
Adenosine Triphosphate
What are the four major macromolecules?
Carbohydrates, Proteins, lipids, nucleic acids
Made of RNA and protein, these tiny structures synthesize proteins.
Ribosomes
This type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis.
Transport RNA; tRNA
This scientist's famous X-ray diffraction image provided crucial evidence about the structure of DNA.
Rosalind Franklin
When enzymes are exposed to high temperatures or extreme pH levels, the enzymes shape is altered or damaged. what is this process called?
Denaturation
what is the process that produces two genetically identical daughter cells and is used for growth and repair?
Mitosis
Found only in plant cells and algae, this organelle converts sunlight into chemical energy.
Chloroplasts
This type of point mutation converts a sense codon into a stop codon, shortening the resulting protein. this type of mutation is called?
nonsense mutation
This French scientist developed the process of heating food and beverages to reduce harmful microorganisms.
Louis Pasteur
this common biochemical reaction links monomers together to form polymers by removing water molecules.
dehydration; dehydration synthesis
The theory that information flows from DNA to RNA to Proteins is commonly referred to as?
The Central Dogma of Biology
This organelle sorts, tags, and packages proteins for transport out of the cell.
Golgi Apparatus
This phenomenon describes heritable changes in gene expression, such as DNA methylation or histone acetylation, that do not alter the underlying DNA sequence.
Epigenetics
This 17th-century English scientist coined the term “cell” after observing cork under a microscope.
Robert Hooke
This 10-step metabolic pathway breaks down glucose into pyruvate in the cytoplasm, producing a net gain of 2 ATP and 2 NADH.
Glycolysis
what are the 6 core steps of the scientific method?
Observation, inquiry/research, hypothesis, Experiment, Conclusion, and results
This network of protein filaments gives the cell its shape and aids in internal movement.
cytoskeleton