Chemistry of Life
The "four elements of life"
What are Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen?
An atom or molecule that has a full charge
What is an ion?
A neutral PH
What is 7?
Bond that involves the sharing of electrons
What is a covalent bond?
The smallest level of organization?
A) Cells
B) Electrons
C) Bugs
What are electrons?
The order of electronegativity of the elements of life
What is:
Oxygen > Nitrogen > Carbon = Hydrogen
A molecule that contains mostly non-polar bonds and cannot readily interact with the partial charges on water
What is a hydrophobic molecule?
PH of an acid
What is 0?
The molecular bond among water molecules
Hydrogen Bond
The property that allows for water to defy gravity when traveling up plants
Adhesion Property
A molecule that is the same atomic makeup and formula but a different structure
What is an isomer?
the monomer for a carbohydrate
what is a monosaccharide?
PH of a base
What is 14?
The type of bond saturated fats contain
A) Cis
B) Trans
What is trans?
what is NOT one of the domains of life
a) bacteria
b) viruses
c) eukarya
d) archaea
what are visuses?
The head group of a phospholipid is ___________
what is polar?
A scientist is trying to discover an unknown lipid in her lab. The lipid is in a ring structure. What kind of lipid is it?
what is a steroid?
Is this an acid or a base?
-Donates Protons
-Contains many Protons
-H+
What is an acid?
when you break two monomers apart and add water to the reaction
What is hydrolysis?
Oxygen is diffusing into the cell from a high concentration to a lower concentration. What kind of transport is this?
What is simple diffusion?
What are the four things that ALL cells have
what are plasma membrane, a cytoplasm, DNA/RNA, and ribosomes
" a difference in a substance’s concentration in space—usually across a cell membrane "
what is the concentration gradient?
The atom that an acid HAS to have in order to be an acid
What is Hydrogen?
fatty acid contains a double bond
what is unsaturated?
What are the three things found in plant cells but NOT animal cells?
central vacuole, cell wall, chloroplast