Cells
What is the human body made up of?
Cells
What are tissues?
A coordinated group of cells that are identical or similar in shape and structure that are specialized to perform a specific function
Name the 6 types of nutrients.
Water, minerals, carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins.
What are 4 examples of malnutrition?
Anorexia, Bulimia, Obesity, Defiencies
What are food contaminants?
Substances, which may be present in foods as a result of how they have been handled throughout the different stages of production or as a result of environmental contamination.
What are the structures that make up the cell nucleus?
Nuclear envelope, chromatin, nucleolus
What are the types of tissue in the human body?
There are four types of tissue in the human body: epithelial, muscle, nervous, and connective tissues.
At approximately what percent is the human body made up of water?
About 60% of an adult's body mass is water.
What is nutrition?
Nutrition refers to the processes through which the body obtains the matter and energy it needs to grow, repair itself, and perform vital functions.
Name 4 types of food-borne illnesses.
Salmonella, Botulism, Toxoplasmosis, Trichinosis, Anisakiasis
What does the endoplasmic reticulum do?
Manufactures proteins using the ribosomes attached to its membrane. It then stores them or transports them to the Golgi apparatus.
What are the systems in the human body that are involved in the nutrition function?
The digestive, respiratory, circulatory, lymphatic, and excretory system.
What group of foods on the food wheel should you have the most of?
Body-regulating foods.
(Fresh fruit and vegetables)
What is the role of proteins?
Proteins play a fundamental role in the formation and growth of cells and tissues.
What are food additives?
Food additives are substances that are added to a food to preserve its flavour, smell, colour, etc., to change its characteristics, or to keep it safe to eat for a longer period of time.
(food colouring, preservatives, antioxidants, texture modifiers, flavour enhancers)
Explain what mitochondria and ribosomes do.
Mitochondria are responsible for cellular respiration. Its a process in which nutrients are 'burned' in the presence of oxygen in order to obtain energy, and CO2 is released. Ribosomes are made up of two subunits and make cell proteins.
What does the endocrine system do?
It works with the nervous system and generates signals that induce responses in certain organs.
Name 5 things that need to be included in a healthy diet.
1. Healthy diet must be varied.
2. It must provide the body with the energy it needs.
3. 55%-60% of daily energy should come from carbohydrates, 25%-30% from fats, and 10%-15% from proteins
4. The fat in a healthy diet should come mostly from plant sources (olive oil) and oily fish (mackerel, sardines, tuna)
5. No more than 40% of the nutrients should be proteins.
6. Dietary fibre is important
7. Water should be your main drink
8. A healthy diet must be combined with daily exercise
What type of food are energy-producing foods?
Carbohydrates and fats.
(bread, pasta, potatoes, grains, honey, vegetable oils, animal fats, butter and cream)
What are the precautions consumers should take when buying food?
1. Purchase refrigerated foods (meat, milk, cheese) last
2. Check the use-by dates on the labels of packaged foods
3. Avoid buying food that has gone bad
4. Go straight home so you can store all chilled and frozen foods as soon as possible to maintain the cold chain and keep them from defrosting and spoiling
What is cellular differentiation?
A process in which the shape and structure of a cell changes in order for it to be possible for it to specialize in a specific function.
What does connective tissue do and what are 5 types of connective tissue?
Connective tissue supports and binds together other tissues and organs. Five types are: connective tissue proper, cartilage, adipose tissue, bone tissue, and blood.
What are the similarities and differences between the Mediterranean diet and the Atlantic diet?
The Mediterranean diet is balanced and healthy and includes many different kinds of foods and is typical of Mediterranean countries. It includes a lot of fresh fish, but moderate amount of dairy products, white meat, eggs, and small quantities of red meat and cold meats.
An Atlantic diet is typical of countries along the Atlantic and is healthy and balanced. It contains more or less the same types of food as the Mediterranean diet, but in different quantities. It includes lots of eggs and dairy and moderate amounts of meat.
What type of foods carry out a structural function?
Body-building foods, which build and repair the body's cells, tissues, and organs. They are rich in proteins and provide the body with essential amino acids.
Name and describe the 3 methods of food preservation.
1. Methods that use low temperatures: used to prevent the growth of microorganisms that thrive at room temperature
2. Methods that use high temperatures: destruction of most microorganisms by using heat without altering the food (sterilization, pasteurization, dehydration)
3. Methods that use preservatives: can be added to foods to prevent the growth of microorganisms (salt, vinegar, smoke, artificial)