Cell Structure
Proteins are assembled on
ribosomes
The relatively constant internal physical and chemical conditions that all organisms must maintain to survive is known as
homeostasis
By measuring the height of the tortoise, the scientist is gathering
quantitative data
Life
German scientists Schleiden and Schwann determined that the basic unit of structure and function in living things is the
cell
Carbohydrates, proteins, nucleus acids, and lipids are all known as
Polymers
Which are the catalysts of reactions in living things?
Enzymes
Despite differences in size and shape, at some point all cells have DNA and a
Cell membrane
What is the main difference between passive transport and active transport of materials across a cell membrane?
Active transport requires the cell to expend energy, whereas passive transport does not rely on energy from the cell.
The statement " The worm is 2cm long" is a(n)
observation
What are the 2 types of reproduction?
Sexual and Asexual
in 1665, an Englishman coined the term cell. Who was that scientist and how did he do so?
Robert Hooke, studied nonliving cork slices and compared them the the monastery's tiny rooms, or "cells".
Are made of polymers which are made of smaller, repeating parts called monomers
Macromolecules
What is the process by which chloroplasts capture the sun's energy and convert it into food that contains chemical energy?
Photosynthesis
Which organelle converts light energy into chemical energy stored in food?
Chloroplast
Large molecules such as glucose move across cell membranes through special protein channels during
Facilitated diffusion
To be useful in science, a hypothesis must be
testable
What are all 8 Characteristics of life?
Growth, Obtain and use energy, development, evolve/adapt, maintain homeostasis, made of cells, response to stimuli, reproduction
In Holland around the same time Hooke was conducting his studies, this scientist used a single-lens microscope to observe pond water and other things. Who was he?
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
What are the building blocks of carbohydrates and lipids?
C, H, O
1:2:1 ratio (carbs)
How many phases are their in the cell cycle of Mitosis
5
Which two organelles are involved in the movement of a cell in its environment?
Flagella and cilia
Solute particles move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration in a process called
Diffusion
A well-tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations is known as
scientific theory
List an example of stimuli that a bird responds to
1. Other birds' calls indicating the presence of food
2. crying from its offspring
3. loud noises that may indicate danger
DAILY DOUBLE
What basic concept of biology includes the idea that new cells can be produced only by the division of existing cells?
The Cell Theory
contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur
proteins
The process of energy conversion that releases energy from food in the presence of oxygen.
Cellular Respiration
Oxygen+Glucose-->Carbon Dioxide + Water + ATP
DAILY DOUBLE
How are the functions of vacuoles and lysosomes different?
Vacuoles store materials like water, salts, proteins, and carbs; lysosomes break down carbs, lipids, and proteins to be used by the cell.
Explain why cells are almost always hypertonic to fresh water
Cells are almost always hypertonic to fresh water because cells contain salts, sugars, proteins, and other molecules.
How does an observation about an object differ from an inference about that object?
An observation is made from looking at an object, and an inference is made using the information gathered from the observation
The process in which two cells from different parents unite to produce the first cell of a new organism is called
sexual reproduction
If you wanted to observe a living organism--an amoeba for example-- which type of microscope would you use?
A light microscope
what are the building blocks and function of Nucleic acids
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus.
Store genetic info, transmit hereditary, or genetic information to offspring, and transfer genetic info from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
The light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis are also known as
Calvin cycle
multicellular organisms
What are two types of active transport, and how do they differ?
They are molecular and bulk transport: in molecular transport, small molecules and ions are carried across the membrane by protein pumps; in bulk transport, larger molecules are moved into the cell by endocytosis and out of the cell by exocytosis.
What are the steps, in order, of the scientific method
Ask questions, hypothesis, design a controlled experiment, collect data, conclude
Give an example of changes that take place as cells in a multicellular organism differentiate
The cells may change shape and size, and develop more of one kind of cell structure and fewer, if any, of other structures.
How does a light microscope work?
Light microscopes shine light through objects, which passes through lenses that magnify what is being viewed.
What are the monomers for each polymer?
carbs--monosacharride
proteins--amino acids
nucleic acids -- nucleotides
lipids- n/a
What is the basic equation for photosynthesis using the names of the starting and final substances of the process
Carbon dioxide + water ---> Sugars + Oxygen
---> = Light