Cellular Respiration
Where does aerobic cellular respiration occur?
mitochondria
In what step of the M-phase do chromosomes line up in the center of the cell?
Metaphase
The female gamete is the ____ and the male gamete is ____.
egg; sperm
DNA to mRNA is the process of __________.
mRNA to proteins is the process of __________.
Transcription; translation
What is rRNA? What is its purpose?
Type of RNA that builds ribosomes
Energy on Earth originates from the _____.
Sun
How many daughter cells are produced from cells going through the cell cycle?
Two
What does it mean if a cell is haploid? What is the haploid number for human cells?
It has half of the genetic information as normal; 23 chromosomes
What enzyme adds complimentary base pairings to DNA and RNA?
DNA/RNA polymerase
Say a population of black bears wonders away from the Smokey Mountains into the foothills of Kentucky. Overtime, they develop unique breeding habits and no longer mate at the same time as Smokey Mountain black bears. Because they cannot produce offspring amongst the two groups, this is an example of (choose the best answer)
A. Immigration
B. Speciation
C. Genetic drift
D. Natural selection
B. Speciation
During fermentation, ________ continually repeats itself as a means to produce 2 molecules of ATP with each repetition.
Glycolysis
In what phase of interphase is DNA replicated?
S (synthesis) phase
What happens during anaphase II of meiosis?
Chromosomes are pulled apart into chromatids.
What is the central dogma of biology?
DNA codes for RNA which creates proteins
A polypeptide should read: Met-Ile-Lys-Gly-Phe-stop. A ________ mutation causes it to change to. Met-Ile-Lys-Trp-Phe-stop.
Missense
What molecule enters into glycolysis? What happens to this molecule?
Glucose (it is split into two molecules of pyruvate)
A ________ tumor is when cells have spread beyond the original site of cancerous cells and appear in other parts of the body.
Malignant
What law of inheritance says that all offspring of parents have equal chances at inheriting the same alleles as each other?
Law of independent assortment
What are the three parts of a nucleotide? Which of these three structures form the backbone of a nucleic acid?
Nitrogenous base, sugar, phosphate group;
sugar and phosphate group
A hurricane almost wiped out a population of osprey. While the majority of osprey had light grey wings before the hurricane, the number of light grey-winged osprey was greatly reduced after the hurricane. Wildlife officers in the area expect that dark grey-winged osprey will become the more prevalent variety in the upcoming years. This is an example of what mechanism of evolution?
Genetic drift
What are three products of the Krebs Cycle?
NADH, FADH2, and ATP
A chromosome consists of two halves called _________.
Chromatids
A heterozygous blood type A individual has offspring with a type AB individual. What are all of the possible blood types of their offspring?
Type A, type B, type AB
A strand of DNA reads: ACG-GTA-CGA-GCT. What amino acids make up the new polypeptide?
Cys-His-Ala-Arg
One's products are the other's reactants.
Photosynthesis is what initially puts energy in forms available to animalia, which undergo cellular respiration.